Determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in solid and liquid phase river water samples in Chao Phraya River, Thailand

摘要

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoicnacid (PFOA), are fully fluorinated organic compounds, which have been used in many industrialnapplications. These chemicals have contaminated surface water all over the world even in developingncountries like Thailand. The previous study showed the contamination in Chao Phraya River in 2006nand 2007. The purposes of this field study were to determine the solid and liquid phase of PFCsncontamination in Chao Phraya River and to compare the changes of PFC concentration in 2008.nSurveys were conducted in the lower reach of Chao Phraya River in the industrialized area. A solidnphase extraction (SPE) coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the analysis for ten PFCs. TennPFCs were analyzed to identify the contamination in both solid and liquid phases. PFCs werendetected in both the solid and liquid phase in every sample. PFOA was the most dominant PFC whilenPFPA and PFOS were also highly detected in most samples. The average loadings of PFPA, PFOA andnPFOS in Chao Phraya River were 94.3, 284.6 and 93.4 g/d, respectively. PFOS concentrations did notnshow differences between 2006 and 2008. However, PFOA concentrations were higher in 2008/5/26,nwhile comparing other samplings. The ratio of solid : liquid PFPA (2.1 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] was lowernthan PFOA (13.9 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] and PFOS (17.6 : 1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)]. The shorter chain (morenhydrophilic) PFC was better to dissolve in water rather than adsorb onto suspended solids. PFOS alsonshowed more potential to attach in the suspended solids than PFOA.