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Current-Reused 2.4-GHz Direct-Modulation Transmitter With On-Chip Automatic Tuning

机译:具有片上自动调谐功能的重用电流的2.4GHz直接调制发送器

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This paper presents the design, analysis, and experimental verification of a self-calibrating current-reused 2.4-GHz direct-modulation transmitter for short-range wireless applications. The key contributions are the design/analysis of a stacked power amplifier (PA)/voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) architecture, the nonlinear frequency-dependent analysis of a Gilbert-cell-based root-mean-square detector, and an on-chip $LC$-tank calibration circuit that needs no analog-to-digital convertor (ADC)/digital signal processor. The stacked architecture reduces the number of required regulators, utilizes supply headroom effectively, and allows for an “ADC-less” calibration loop that can dynamically tune the PA center frequency by sensing the transmitted signal. The very nature of direct-modulation architecture obviates additional high-purity signal generators, reducing complexity and allowing online calibration. The system was implemented in TSMC 0.18 $mu{rm m}$ CMOS, occupies 0.7 ${rm mm}^{2}~({rm TX})+0.1~{rm mm}^{2}$ (self-tuning), and was measured in a QFN48 package on an FR4 PCB. Automatically correcting PA/VCO tank misalignment in this case yielded ${>}{rm 4}~{rm dB}$ increase in output power. With the automatic tuning active, the transmitter delivers a measured output power ${>}{rm 0}~{rm dBm}$ to a 100-$Omega$ differential load, and the system consumes 22.9 mA from a 1.8-V core-circuit supply.
机译:本文介绍了针对短距离无线应用的自校准电流重用的2.4 GHz直接调制发射机的设计,分析和实验验证。关键的贡献是堆叠功率放大器(PA)/压控振荡器(VCO)架构的设计/分析,基于吉尔伯特单元的均方根检测器的非线性频率相关分析以及芯片$ LC $ -tank校准电路,无需模数转换器(ADC)/数字信号处理器。堆叠式架构减少了所需稳压器的数量,有效利用了电源裕量,并允许一个“无ADC”校准环路,该环路可以通过感测所传输的信号来动态地调谐PA中心频率。直接调制架构的本质避免了额外的高纯度信号发生器,从而降低了复杂度并允许在线校准。该系统在台积电0.18 $ mu {rm m} $ CMOS中实现,占0.7 $ {rm mm} ^ {2}〜({rm TX})+ 0.1〜{rm mm} ^ {2} $(自整定) ),并在FR4 PCB上的QFN48封装中进行了测量。在这种情况下,自动校正PA / VCO储罐不对中会导致输出功率增加{{>} {rm 4}〜{rm dB} $。启用自动调谐后,发射器会向100-Ω的差分负载提供测量的输出功率$ {>} {rm 0}〜{rm dBm} $,系统从1.8V内核消耗22.9 mA电流,电路电源。

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