Experimentelle und betriebliche Bewertung dynamischer Eigenschaften von Eisenbahnrädern und Radsätzen

摘要

Adverse dynamic wheelset effects have an impact on the whole vehicle and its useful life. With a view to mitigating this unfavourable situation, some railway operators call for lightweight wheelsets or wheelsets with low unsprung weight. Experimental and operational tests have shown that adverse dynamic effects are explained by high dynamic resilience of the wheels and chiefly the axle shafts. An improvement can be effected through high dynamic rigidity. For wheels, this can be achieved by modifying the shape and thickness of the web. For axle shafts, this can be done by raising the modulus of flexural strength. In both cases, this results in a higher wheelset weight. Wheels with lower rigidity and light weight also run a higher risk of a "permanent" loss of dimensional stability. Hence there is an insuperable conflict between the demand for low weight on the one hand and high rigidity on the other. To find a solution, a compromise needs to be arrived at. One such solution is to use suitable absorbers that convert the wheel's vibration energy into heat.%Bei der Bewegung des Radsatzes auf Schienen erfolgen Schwingungen. Zwecks Beurteilung derartiger Schwingungen wurden experimentelle Bewertungen von mehreren Rad- und Radsatztypen ausgeführt. Die ausgewählte Radsatzart wurde durch eine auf dem Versuchsring in Velim durchgeführte Betriebsprüfung überprüft.