Evaluating the Behaviour of Chinese Stakeholders Engaged in Large Hydropower Projects in Asia and Africa

摘要

水电大坝项目近来因其满足低碳发电和可能减轻气候变化的偏好重 回聚光灯下。复兴大型水电项目的主角是作为国内和国外最大大坝建造者 的中国企业，它们在中低收入国家开拓出了许多项目机会。然而大型水电 大坝除带来潜在的发展性和减少碳排放的贡献外，还会伴随着巨大的经济 成本、深远的负面环境变化和社会影响。本文利用在加纳、尼日利亚、柬 埔寨和马来西亚的四个水电项目中收集到的田野数据将对参与亚非大型水 电项目中国利益相关方的行为进行评估。本文将先探明不同中国利益相关 方的利益点所在，然后再对这些中国企业建造的大坝在当地、国家层面和 国际层面产生的影响进行探究。本文结论为虽然水电大坝有助于在未来提 高能源安全水平和降低能源型贫困，但项目的规划、建造和缓解策略需要 更多以可持续的思路考虑国家层面的发展重点、当地社群的需求及对自然 生态的影响。%Hydropower dams are back in the spotlight owing to a shifting preference for low carbon energy generation and their possible contribution to mitigating climate change. At the forefront of the renaissance of large hydropower dams are Chinese companies, as the builders of the world's largest dams at home and abroad, opening up opportunities for low- and middle-income countries. However, large hydropower dams, despite their possible developmental and carbon reduction contributions, are accompanied by huge economic costs, profound negative environmental changes and social impacts. Using fieldwork data from four hydropower projects in Ghana, Nigeria, Cambodia and Malaysia, this paper evaluates the behaviour of Chinese stakeholders engaged in large hydro-power projects in Asia and Africa. We do this by first exploring the interests of the different Chinese stakeholders and then by investigating the wider implications of these Chinese dams on the local, national and international contexts. The paper concludes that hydropower dams will continue to play a prominent role in future efforts to increase energy security and reduce energy poverty worldwide, therefore the planning, building and mitigation strategies need to be implemented in a more sustainable way that takes into account national development priorities, the needs of local people and the impacts on natural habitats.