Gender and Occupation in Market Economies: Change and Restructuring Since the 1980s

Janette Webb

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Gender and Occupation in Market Economies: Change and Restructuring Since the 1980s

机译：市场经济中的性别与职业：1980年代以来的变化与重组

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This paper compares employment restructuring, gender, and occupational change in Japan, Sweden, the UK, and the USA, since the 1980s. Its analytical framework is derived from feminist debates about the relative influence of political–economic skill regimes and cultural ideologies of gender on occupational sex segregation. In each country, the shift towards services has further concentrated men's dominance of employment in extractive and transformative industries. Pre-existing patterns of occupational segregation between the sexes have not however been universally reinforced. A degree of occupational upgrading has facilitated women's movement into a growing range of professional and managerial occupations, but the extent of economic opportunity for women is not a simple function of labor market economics. The social–democratic, egalitarian values and policies of Sweden, for example, seem to have offered greater economic benefits to women than the more individualized, liberalized labor market policies of the UK. In conclusion, it is argued that gender and markets are mutually constitutive; their evolution is not pre-given but subject to political choices informed by history and culture.

机译：本文比较了自1980年代以来日本，瑞典，英国和美国的就业结构调整，性别和职业变化。它的分析框架源自女权主义者关于政治经济技能制度和性别文化意识形态对职业性别隔离的相对影响的辩论。在每个国家，向服务业的转变进一步将男性在采矿和转型行业中的就业优势集中。然而，男女之间职业隔离的既往模式尚未得到普遍加强。一定程度的职业升级促进了妇女进入越来越多的专业和管理职业，但是妇女获得经济机会的程度并不是劳动力市场经济学的简单功能。例如，瑞典的社会民主，平等主义价值观和政策似乎为妇女提供了比英国更个性化，更开放的劳动力市场政策更大的经济利益。总而言之，有人认为性别和市场是相互构成的。它们的演变不是预先确定的，而是受历史和文化影响的政治选择的影响。

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《Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society》 |2009年第1期|p.82-110|共29页
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Janette Webb;
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8. Opportunities and Gender Pay Equity in New Economy Occupations [R] . 2000

机译：新经济职业中的机遇与性别薪酬公平

Gender and Occupation in Market Economies: Change and Restructuring Since the 1980s

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