The palm oil mill effluent (POME) is generally treated using biological anaerobic treatment and then utilized for POME land application. This research aimed to study the effect of treated POME land application on soil microbial community structure in oil palm plantation and their impact to the oil palm productivity. The results showed that ubiquinone (UQ) and menaquinone (MK) contents in soils without treated POME application were 0.045 and 0.204 μmol/kg-dry soils, respectively. These were much lower than the UQ and MK contents in soils with treated POME application which were 0.074 and 0.301 μmol/kg-dry soils，respectively. The diversity quinone (DQ) and bioenergetic divergence quinone (BDq) in soils without treated POME application were 11.21 and 0.86，respectively, while in soils with treated POME application were 11.32 and 0.87, respectively. These results indicate that the treated POME application increased the amount of microorganisms but did not change the diversity of microoiganisms. Treated POME application also increased the domination of aerobic bacteria in soils. The total UQ, MK, and UQ/MK ratio of soils with treated POME application are higher than those of soils without treated POME application and the application of POME is generally able to increase oil palm productivity.
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