Universal audio steganalysis based on calibration and reversed frequency resolution of human auditory system

摘要

Calibration and higher-order statistics are standard components of image steganalysis. However, these techniques have not yet found adequate attention in audio steganalysis. Specifically, most of current studies are either non-calibrated or only based on noise removal. The goal of this study is to fill these gaps and to show that calibrated features based on re-embedding technique improve performance of audio steganalysis. Furthermore, the authors show that least significant bit is the most sensitive bit plane to data hiding algorithms, and therefore it can be employed as a universal embedding method. The proposed features also benefit from an efficient model which is tailored to the needs for audio steganalysis and represent the maximum deviation from human auditory system. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a wide range of data hiding algorithms in both targeted and universal paradigms. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting the finest traces of data hiding algorithms in very low embedding rates. The system detects Steghide at capacity of 0.06 bit per symbol with sensitivity of 98.6% (music) and 78.5% (speech). These figures are, respectively, 7.1% and 27.5% higher than the state-of-the-art results based on R-Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient features.