Three paradigms in innovation theory

摘要

Three paradigms, which today compete for dominance in scientific society, can be identi-fied. According to the "entrepreneurship paradigm" individuals champion the imple-mentation of an idea or the gaining of inde-pendence. In its classic form, the entrepreneur would be the founder of an enterprise, while his modern counterpart may be found in compa-nies that already exist The "technology-eco-nomic paradigm", views technological development as the determinant of innovation. The "strategic innovation paradigm", stresses market opportunities. Innovation is the ability to recognise market opportunities and to trans-form them into external and internal business strategies. The strategy is the framework for innovation development The last part of the article discusses the implication of each para-digm for industrial policy.