Demand articulation, a key factor in the reconfiguration of the present Japanese science and technology system

摘要

This article depicts the evolution of Japanese science and technology policy after the Second World War, shedding light on the 'reactive' method applied in formulating S&T policy for nearly 50 years. It argues that this method has attained its limits and that there is constant incoherence between the stated objectives on one hand and policy formulations on the other. The measures taken to develop basic research serve as an example of 'reactive policy' and reveal the inconsistency and partiality of Japanese S&T policy. Various S&T reforms undertaken recently in Japan are analyzed. Particular importance is placed on 'demand articulation' as a technique for restructuring a nation's system of innovation. The article concludes with the most recent policy attempts to put demand articulation method into practice to reform the science and technology structure of Japan.