SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF 2D MATERIALS (BORON, SILICON, GERMANIUM, TIN, PHOSPHORUS, BISMUTH) USED BY FIRST PRINCIPLES METHOD

摘要

2D materials have attracted considerable attention in the past decade for their superlative physical properties. These materials consist of atomically thin sheets exhibiting covalent in plane bonding and weak interlayer and layer-substrate bonding. Following the example of graphene, most emerging 2D materials are derived from structures that can be isolated from bulk phases of layered materials, which form a limited library for new materials discovery. Entirely synthetic 2D materials provide access to a greater range of properties through the choice of constituent elements and substrates. Of particular interest are elemental 2D materials, because they provide the most chemically tractable case for synthetic exploration. In this paper, we explore the progress made in the synthesis and characterization of 2D materials, and offer perspectives and challenges for the future of this emerging field.