Atlas of Phylogenetic Data for Entelegyne Spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae: Entelegynae) with Comments on Their Phylogeny

摘要

We present a phylogenetic analysis of higher groups of entelegyne spiders, with representatives of all entelegyne families containing cribellate members and of Palpimanoidea. We examined 55 exemplar species of eresoids (Oecobiidae, Eresidae), Orbiculariae (Deinopidae, Uloboridae, Araneidae), Palpimanoidea (Archaeidae, Huttoniidae, Mimetidae, Pararchaeidae), titanoecoids (Phyxelididae, Titanoecidae), lycosoids and related groups (Ctenidae, Psechridae, Tengellidae, Zorocratidae, Zoropsidae), and several other entelegyne families of contentious relationships (Agelenidae, Amphinectidae, Desidae, Neolanidae, Stiphidiidae, Amaurobiidae, Dictynidae, Nicodamidae), plus representatives of the relatively basal araneomorph groups Palaeocribellatae (Hypochilidae), Austrochiloidea (Austrochilidae and Gradungulidae), and Haplogynae (Filistatidae, Segestriidae). We also included the enigmatic cribellate genera Aebutina (Dictynidae?) and Poaka (Psechridae? Amaurobiidae?). This selection of taxa covers much of the morphological diversity found through major groups of araneomorph spiders. The 154 characters in our dataset include all the classical character sources in higher level spider taxonomy. We present a large collection of labeled images to document character definitions and observations. The phylogenetic trees obtained with our dataset differ according to parameters of analysis (equal or implied weights), and diverge from previous results. We obtain a paraphyletic Araneoclada, excluding members of Haplogynae. At least some taxa previously assigned to Palpimanoidea appear to be nested within orb weavers. The outgroups to Orbiculariae remain an open question, and the monophyly of Nicodamidae, Amaurobiidae and Zorocratidae are questioned. We corroborated Austrochiloidea, Eresoidea, and the Divided Cribellum, Oval Calamistrum and RTA Clades.