A method for detecting abasic sites in living cells: Age-dependent changes in base excision repair

摘要

Apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites are common DNA lesions that arise from spontaneous depurination or by base excision repair (BER) of modified bases. A biotin-containing aIdehyde-reactive probe (ARP) IKubo, K.. lde, H., Wallace, S. S. & Kow, Y. W. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3703-3708] is used to measure AP sites in living cells. ARP penetrates the plasma membrane of cells and reacts with AP sites in DNA to form a stable ARP-DNA adduct. The DNA is isolated and treated with avidin-horseradish peroxidase (HRP), forming a DNA- HRP complex at each biotin residue, which is rapidly separated from free avidin--HRP by selective precipitation with a DNA pre- cipitating dye (DAPER). The number of AP sites is estimated by HRP activity toward chromogenic substrate in an ELlSA assay. The assay integrates the AP sites formed by the different glycosylases of BER during a 1-h incubation and eliminates artifactual depurination or loss of AP sites during DNA isolation. The assay was applied to living cells and nuclei. The number of AP sites after a 1-h incubation in old lMR90 cells was about two to three times higher than that in young cells, and the number in human leukocytes from old donors was about seven times that in young donors. The repair of AP sites was slower in senescent compared with young lMR90 cells. An age-dependent decline is shown in the activity of the glycosy- lase that removes methylated bases in IMR90 cells and in human leukocytes. The decline in excision of methylated bases from DNA suggests an age-dependent decline in 3-methyIadenine DNA gly- cosylase, a BER enzyme responsible for removing alkylated bases. DNA damage l aging I glycosylase l AP site