A Trojan horse transition state analogue generated by MgF_3~- formation in an enzyme active site

摘要

Identifying how enzymes stabilize high-energy species along the reaction pathway is central to explaining their enormous rate acceleration. β-Phosphoglucomutase catalyses the isomerization of β-glucose-1-phosphate to β-glucose-6-phosphate and appeared to be unique in its ability to stabilize a high-energy pentacoordi-nate phosphorane intermediate sufficiently to be directly observable in the enzyme active site. Using ~(19)F-NMR and kinetic analysis, we report that the complex that forms is not the postulated high-energy reaction intermediate, but a deceptively similar transition state analogue in which MgF_3~- mimics the transferring PO_3~-moiety. Here we present a detailed characterization of the metal ion-fluoride complex bound to the enzyme active site in solution, which reveals the molecular mechanism for fluoride inhibition of β-phosphoglucomutase. This NMR methodology has a general application in identifying specific interactions between fluoride complexes and proteins and resolving structural assignments that are indistinguishable by x-ray crystallography.