ヒューマンファクターに基づいた海難要因分析に関する研究: 操船シミュレータによる検証実験

摘要

It is difficult to identify the cause of marine accident, because many factors combined to cause of accident. CREAM is one of human reliability analysis technique that can consider human cognitive model. CREAM defined working conditions as Common Performance Conditions (CPC) which is possible factors of human error. Authors has been developing a method for identify the cause or marine accident. To this purpose authors modified the CPC for ship operation task. And, the new CPC was verified by analyzing actual marine accidents. The purpose of this research is to verify the need to add new sub-condition "communication with other vessels". For this purpose we conduct the experiment with ship bridge simulator. Eight participants who have work experience as Officers of the Watch navigate a vessel to avoid a target vessel. Track chart, Navigation log, and Interview survey were analyzed to make the event sequence. The results show that communication with the target vessel is the main factor that cannot be avoided collision. It was confirmed that communications with another vessel add in the new CPC.%平成22年の船舶海難隻数は、2，400隻であった。そのうち79%（1，893隻）を、見張り不十分や操船不適切などの人為的要因（ヒューマンファクター）が占めている。これらの海難を未然に防ぐためには、ヒューマンエラーが起きた原因を解明し、効果的な対策を講ずる必要がある。しかし、事故の要因をMan，Machine，Media，Management，Education，Engineerlng，Enfbrcement，Exampleに分類した4M-4Eモデルや、SHELモデル（Software，Hardware，Environment，Liveware）（2）に代表されるように、ヒューマンエラーの背後要因は多岐にわたる。