ATLAS LAr calorimeter performance in LHC run 2 and electronics upgrades for next runs

摘要

Liquid argon (LAr) sampling calorimeters are employed by ATLAS for all electromagnetic calorimetry in the pseudo-rapidity region | n| < 3.2, and for hadronic and forward calorimetry in the region from | n| = 1.5 to | n| = 4.9. In the LHC Run 2 about 150 fb-1 of data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV have been recorded. The well calibrated and highly granular LAr Calorimeter reached its design values both in energy measurement as well as in direction resolution. Electronics developments are pursued for the trigger readout of the ATLAS LAr Calorimeter towards the Phase-I upgrade scheduled in the LHC shut-down period between December 2018 and early 2021. Trigger signals with finer spatial granularity and higher precision are needed in order to improve the identification efficiencies of electrons, photons, taus, jets and missing energy, at high background rejection rates, already at the Level-1 trigger. Following new TDAQ buffering requirements and high expected radiation doses in the pileup conditions of the high-luminosity LHC, the LAr Calorimeter electronics will be further upgraded (Phase-II) to readout the full 182,500 calorimeter cells at 40 MHz with 16 bit dynamic range. Developments of low-power preamplifiers and shapers to meet these requirements are ongoing in 130 nm CMOS. In order to digitize the analogue signals on two gains after shaping, radiation-hard, low-power 40 MHz 14-bit ADCs are developed using a SAR architecture in 65 nm CMOS. This contribution gives an overview of the detector operation, changes in the monitoring and data quality procedures, to cope with increased pileup, as well as the achieved performance. Results of ASIC developments including quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) and radiation hardness evaluations, performances of the pre-production boards and results of the system integration tests, progress of QA/QC of final production boards are presented along with the overall system design for the Phase-I upgrade. Results of tests of the first prototypes of front-end components are presented, along with design studies on the performance of the off-detector readout system for the Phase-II upgrade.