Cardiovascular risk factors underestimate atherosclerotic burden in chronic kidney disease: usefulness of non-invasive testsn in cardiovascular assessment

摘要

Background. Cardiovascular risk scoring (Score) does not specifically address chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The aim of our study is to quantify atherosclerosis using carotid ultrasound and ankle–brachial index (ABI) and to assess its additional value in risk scoring.