Pharmacogenomics is poised to deliver on the promises of the genomic revolution in ushering in an era of personalized medicine. However, questions have emerged over whether the field will deliver a truly individualized medicine or if population-based therapies that build on conventional notions of racial biology will prevail. At the heart of this issue is the challenge of knowing which axes of stratification are appropriate in identifying population differences and to what extent race and/or ethnicity is an appropriate method of comparison in studies of genetic variation.
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