THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL NATURE OF POLARIZATION OF LIVING GELS OF HEAVY METAL OXYHYDRATES

摘要

Rotation of a polarization vector has been revealed in gel space. This rotation is rather complex and the process continues without interruption. The reason for this phenomenon is physicochemical destruction-polymerization reactions that are responsible for the formation of a gel matrix. A mathematical model for the rotation of a polarization vector has been considered. Asymptotic kinetic curves of a hyperbolic nature of time-varied specific polarization conductivity have been obtained observationally. A mathematical expression to describe these kinetic curves has been confirmed. At least two morphological types of the curves for the time-varied specific polarization conductivity have been found. Dependence of electrical conductivity on the pH of a gel medium and on an interelectrode distance has been shown, which is attributable to the phenomena of self-coordination of the gel system. Spontaneous emergence of a voltage difference and of an electric current in gel systems of yttrium and zirconium oxyhydrates has been discovered under certain experimental conditions and its theoretical explanation has been given. A theoretical explanation of upward or downward pinnacled jumps in the polarization conductivity has been given. A mathematical model for this process has been developed, the model being in qualitative agreement with experimental data. Hyperbolic temporal sorption isotherms for cations and anions have been calculated. Spontaneous emergence of a voltage difference and of an electric current in gel systems of yttrium and zirconium oxyhydrates has been discovered under certain experimental conditions and its theoretical explanation has been offered. Time-dependent variations in the amplitude and in the period (frequency) of current spikes have been examined for a sample of yttrium and zirconium oxyhydrate. The acquired data confirm the versatile laws of transition to a chaotic state (discovered by Feigenbaum) for gel systems, through doubling the period of "emission" of ions in gel systems that manifest themselves as a periodic splash of electrocurrent. A cluster model for a splash of ions that explains the emergence of electrocurrent in a gel system has been considered.