The competitiveness and strive for profitability, rapid technical changes, engine room automation and changes in communication systems within the shipping industry have resulted in reduced manning onboard and thus extended working hours. An increase in automation, shorter turnaround time in ports, budget reductions and an economic need to optimise the cargo hold with regards to capacity and logistics are outcomes which have had an impact on the ability of seafarers to perform their jobs adequately and effectively. To render an effective cargo handling system, the design and utilisation of the cargo hold has high priority in the design process of the ship. This implies that the space allocated to the engine department is often limited due to the conflict arising between optimisation of the cargo space and the need for sufficient space for the engine compartments. These alterations have directly influenced changes in task performance and how new tasks and routines are managed.
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