Current processes of globalization, glocalization, commercialization, and mass media communications are incorporating fascinating new forms of visual and marketing methods and techniques that are transforming and re-urbanizing cities across the globe. Public spaces are becoming a new battleground, an arena, and agora where the competition between cities is played out. City marketing has taken on an integrated approach in thought and action based consistently on the needs of the city's actors and groups while serving to promote, sell, and distribute its products, services, and image. It focuses on promoting the city, drawing attention, locally and abroad, to the business location, cultural areas, and physical attractiveness of the built environment. High-pressure marketing, sales techniques, new urban design, and architectural solutions are frequently used to help troubled cities in their transition to post-industrial centres of tourism, culture, and reinvestment.
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