Convergence of Griddy Gibbs sampling and other perturbed Markov chains

摘要

The Griddy Gibbs sampling was proposed by Ritter and Tanner [Facilitating the Gibbs Sampler: the Gibbs Stopper and the Griddy-Gibbs Sampler. J Am Stat Assoc. 1992; 87(419): 861-868] as a computationally efficient approximation of the well-known Gibbs sampling method. The algorithm is simple and effective and has been used successfully to address problems in various fields of applied science. However, the approximate nature of the algorithm has prevented it from being widely used: the Markov chains generated by the Griddy Gibbs sampling method are not reversible in general, so the existence and uniqueness of its invariant measure is not guaranteed. Evenwhen such an invariant measure uniquely exists, there was no estimate of the distance between it and the probability distribution of interest, hence no means to ensure the validity of the algorithm as a means to sample from the true distribution. In this paper, we show, subject to some fairly natural conditions, that the Griddy Gibbs method has a unique, invariant measure. Moreover, we provide Lp estimates on the distance between this invariant measure and the corresponding measure obtained from Gibbs sampling. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the use of the Griddy Gibbs sampling method. We also address a more general result about the sensitivity of invariant measures under small perturbations on the transition probability. That is, if we replace the transition probability P of any Monte Carlo Markov chain by another transition probability Q where Q is close to P, we can still estimate the distance between the two invariant measures. The distinguishing feature between our approach and previous work on convergence of perturbed Markov chain is that by considering the invariant measures as fixed points of linear operators on function spaces, we do not need to impose any further conditions on the rate of convergence of the Markov chain. For example, the results we derived in this paper can address the case when the considered Monte Carlo Markov chains are not uniformly ergodic.