母子4者間の夕食時の会話におけるネガティブ感情経験の調整的な対処や解釈に関するやりとりの縦断的検討

摘要

This study investigated mother-child discourse about negative emotional experiences concerning emotion regulation at dinner time over a period of four years (Time1 to Time4). The target mother and children included a mother of three, with two boys aged five and nine, and a girl of seven. Mother-child discourse about negative emotional experiences also involved experiences that occurred in interpersonal situations. Mother-child discussion was more focused on complex experiences directly related to target children over Time4. They spoke more about coping with the experiences positively and they also spoke about re-interpreting the experiences over Time4. It was suggested that the context of mother-child discourse was especially rich in such discussion of re-interpreting negative emotional experience. The results highlight the significance of family discourse about negative emotional experiences in school childrens'emotional understanding.%人の感情理解は幼児期の心的理解の発達の基盤とされ,他者と緊密で良好な関係を結ぶ上で極めて重要といえる.これまで,子どもが自他の感情へ言及できるようになることが,自他の行動の感情に基づく理解と結びついているとされ,その重要性が指摘されてきたこれまでの言及過程の検討では,幼児は概して生後18～20カ月頃に感情に言及し始め,その後2～5歳頃にかけて,感情の語彙の増大や感情の説明に関わるスキルの洗練に伴い,自他の感情経験への言及が増加するとされている.1990年代頃からは,そうした感情についての家族との会話と後の誤信念課題や感情理解課題の成功との関連が示される中で,日常的な家族の会話が子どもの感情理解の発達に果たす役割の重要性が指摘されてきた.