Effects of different cooling methods on the carbon footprint of cooked rice

摘要

Global warming has become a serious problem facing the international community. All countries strive to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The food system produces a large amount of GHGs, and thus study of the carbon footprint (CF) in the food industry has attracted the attention of researchers. Based on the lifecycle assessment (LCA) method, the present study calculated CFs of cooling of cooked rice, as a unit operation under different operational conditions. The results showed that the carbon footprints for cooling 200 g cooked rice were 54.36 +/- 1.07 gCO(2)eq for refrigerator cooling at 0 degrees C, 66.05 +/- 2.00 g CO(2)eq for refrigerator cooling at 8 degrees C, 741.55 +/- 27.26 g CO(2)eq for vacuum cooling, 1914.10 +/- 141.24 g CO(2)eq for air blast cooling at 0 degrees C, 2463.61 +/- 221.21 g CO(2)eq for air blast cooling at 3 degrees C, and 3916.54 +/- 202.28 g CO(2)eq for air blast cooling at 8 degrees C. In addition, the CF for the cooling process was positively correlated with the output power of equipment and the cooling time. The carbon emissions arising from electricity consumption contributed to most of the CF for the cooling process. Sensitivity analysis of the parameters for the CF for the cooling process revealed that the CF of cooling process was stable for the applied equipment emission factor, but sensitive to the efficiency of electricity use and the extent of load. Improving the efficiency of electricity use and increasing cooling load could reduce the final CF of a product. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.