Valorizing apple by-products as emulsion stabilizers: Experimental design for modeling the structure-texture relationships

摘要

Apple pomace was tested for its stabilizing properties of emulsions, among 15 formulas organized as an experimental design with 4 factors: oil content, powder content, polymer content and time. A wide range of texture (viscosity at 10s(-1) from 200 to 7500 mPa s) and oil droplet size (from 18 to 46 mu m) was achieved. This strategy enlightened that oil, and in a lesser extent, polymer content, mainly drove the texture of the emulsions. The polymer content was the most significant parameter influencing the shear-thinning behavior of the emulsions (- 0.247). The amount of powder displayed a strong and significant negative impact on the oil droplet diameter (-1.007). A linear trend was even obtained between 1/droplet diameter and the powder amount. A good stability was achieved for 12 formula among the 15, with no coalescence nor drainage obtained in the emulsions, even when submitted to accelerated aging. A scale-up was even possible from a lab 200 mL version of emulsion to a semi pilot version of 12 L. This study thus revealed the ability of some food by-products to be valorized as sole emulsion stabilizer, without any chemical modification, extraction, purification of fractionation, ensuring a virtuous circle.