Interdisziplin?re Arbeitswissenschaft in der Humanisierungsforschung und -politik Ein überf?lliger Neustart

摘要

Zun?chst wird der historische (1) und wissenschaftshistorische Kontext der Humanisierung der Arbeit ausgeleuchtet (2). Anschlie?end ist Fürstenbergs Konzept zu er?rtern (3). Daraus wurden zentrale Forderungen von der Humanisierungsfor-schung umgesetzt, was in der Arbeitswissenschaft nicht nur Zustimmung, sondern auch Kritik ausl?ste. Dieser Debatte widmet sich der folgende Abschnitt (4). In einem weiteren Schritt wird am Beispiel des von Michael Jungert u. a. 2010 herausgegebenen Sammelbandes ?Interdisziplinarit?t" der aktuelle Diskussionsstand mit dem damaligen Reflexionsniveau konfrontiert (5). Meine Ausführungen schlie?en mit einem Vorschlag für die Forschung (6).%During the course of the 1960s the realization that modernization was necessary dawned in several sectors of German society, for example, education, research, labor and health care. This challenge was actively addressed by the social democratic/liberal coalition which came to power in 1969. This led to the formulation of a program calling for research and action on humanization of working life introduced by the Federal German government in 1974. Prior to this, an amendment to the Works Council Constitution Act passed in 1972 (Sections 90 and 91 - Workplace, work process, work environment) required employers to organize their work systems in accordance with "validated scientific knowledge on humanized work design."rnThese politically-driven reforms of the country's internal structures brought enormous growth in the significance of labor science and it is, consequently, not surprising that sociologist Friedrich Fiirstenberg published his proposals Planning for Interdisciplinarity in Labor Science in 1975. These proposals are still regarded as an important theoretical template and are reviewed in detail in this article (3.). However, as they were not so much a genuine beginning, but rather a revival of existing theories, the article first examines the historical context (2.). This reveals that the principles of interdisciplinarity formulated by sociologist Max Weber and, in particular, his joint studies with the Social Policy Association on working and living conditions of industrial workers are still fully valid. His thoughts on this subject were adopted in many cases by labor scientists in the 1920s. Although interdisciplinarity was elevated to program level during the National Socialist era, the idea actually withered and became a meaningless phrase during that period. The collapse of this system led to temporary loss of the original studies, which were only rediscovered several years later.rnThe debate was revived in the 1970s, mainly as a result of Fiirstenberg's publication, which pointed out, among other things, that closer attention to sociology and other social sciences is an essential prerequisite for further development of interdisciplinary cooperation in the field of labor science. This principle, the validity of which is illustrated in detail by Fiirstenberg, was integrated into the official work humanization program in the form of basic research and accompanying sociological research projects. However, many labor scientists who had welcomed the interdisciplinary approach and the accompanying research projects soon dissociated themselves from the plans for integration of sociology into labor sciencernat peer level (4.). This opposition, spearheaded mainly by labor scientists with academic backgrounds in natural sciences and engineering, was fiercely criticized by sociologists and triggered a controversy that lasted well into the 1980s.rnThe debate on interdisciplinarity in labor science has been going on, with interruptions, for close on one hundred years and has now reached a high scientific level with a large number of topical contributions (5). The high quality of these contributions is, in my opinion, attributable to the preceding high-profile and in some cases, heated and factious debate, which was moreover conducted in a spirit that reveals awareness of not only its theoretical, but also its practical significance. After all, labor science is first and foremost an applied science.rnThis contribution closes with an appeal to researchers to respond to this call for interdisciplinarity in some of their projects, thereby helping to achieve further progress, both theoretical and practical, in this important field. (6).