Joint sizing and placement of battery energy storage systems and wind turbines considering reactive power support of the system

摘要

The probabilistic and intermittent output power of Wind Turbines (WT) is one major inconsistency of these Renewable Energy Sources (RES). Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are a suitable solution to mitigate this intermittency by smoothening WT's output power. Although the main benefit of BESSs mentions as peak shaving and load-shifting, but in this research, it will verify that optimal placement and sizing them jointly with WTs can lead to more benefits like compensating the required system's reactive power support from WTs. The reactive power size of WTs and BESSs will be derived from the result of the joint sizing and placement in this study, as well as their active power output to meet the load demand. This can facilitate WTs and BESSs contribution to cover the system's required reactive power and their participation in the reactive power market and ancillary services. This paper also proposes new cost functions for both WTs and BESSs and minimizes their cost while ensuring minimal total loss (active and reactive) in the power distribution system. This can benefit both WTs' and BESSs' owners as well as system operators. Suitable placement and sizing of the WTs and BESSs can also improve the load bus voltage profiles, which can benefit the end-users, and will verify using the proposed optimization by different case studies on the 33 bus distribution system. The results of case studies ascertain the consistency of the proposed formulation for placement and sizing BESSs and WTs jointly, as well as other benefits to the power system, the power plant owners, and system operators.