Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics regulate the intestinal microbiota differentially and restore the relative abundance of specific gut microorganisms

摘要

Fermented milk is an effective carrier for probiotics,the consumption of which improves host health.The beneficial effects of probiotics, prebiotics, andsynbiotics on gut dysbiosis have been reported previously.However, the way in which specific probiotics,prebiotics, and synbiotics regulate intestinal microbesremains unclear. Therefore, the probiotics Lactobacillusrhamnosus AS 1.2466 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp.bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and the prebiotics xylooligosaccharideand red ginseng extracts were fed to miceto determine their effects on the intestinal microbiota.Then, mice were administered xylooligosaccharide andL. rhamnosus (synthesis) by gavage, and the number ofL. rhamnosus was determined in the intestine at differenttimes. The results show that probiotics and prebioticscan quickly reduce the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetesratio, inhibit harmful bacteria (such as Klebsiella andEscherichia coli), and accelerate the recovery of beneficialintestinal microorganisms (such as Lactobacillus).In a complex intestinal microecology, different probioticsand prebiotics have different effects on specificintestinal microorganisms that cannot be recovered inthe short term. In addition, after 20 d of intragastricxylooligosaccharide addition at 0.12 g/kg of bodyweight, L. rhamnosus colonization in the mouse ileumwas 7.48 log cfu/mL, which was higher than in the lowdosegroup, prolonging colonization time and increasingthe number of probiotics in the intestine. Therefore,this study demonstrated that probiotics and prebioticscan promote the balance of intestinal microbiotaby regulating specific microbes in the intestine, andthe effects of a suitable combination of synbiotics arebeneficial, laying the foundation for the development ofnew dairy products rich in synbiotics.