旧軍用地の都市公園への転用が公園緑地系統の計画に与えた影響について: 仙台市を事例として

摘要

第二次世界大戦終戦まで、軍都計画がなされた87都市の中で、特別都市計画（115都市）の対象都市は、師団・歩兵団・聯隊で11都市、歩兵団・聯隊4都市、聯隊23都市の合計38都市に及んでいた（表1）。この中でも師団・歩兵団・聯隊が置かれた都市は、軍用地が都市部に幾つも点在しており、戦災復興計画にも大きな影響を与えていると考えられる。 一方、戦災復興計画による新たな都市基盤形成で創出したものとして都市公園があげられる。それまで、公園および緑地は太政官布達や風致地区制度による景勝地に対して指定をする物が多く存在していたが、都市内へのオープンスペースの確保と近代的な都市公園を創出するという関点から新しい公園および緑地の計画が展開される事となった。%Urban parks and green lands are the one new urban infrastructure created by war reconstruction plan. New parks and green lands were aimed to reserve open spaces in urban areas and to create modern format of urban parks. In Sendai city, former military lands are located as circular form that surround the central district of the city, which leads to the hypothesis that these military lands contributed to create the green circular belt in Sendai, by being converted into parks and green lands, cooperating with the government policy about parks and green lands after the war. To prove this hypothesis, this study analyzes the spatial converting process of former military lands into parks and green lands in the cities enforced special urban planning law that was out of the green regional system, from the pre and post war era to the high economic growth period. And this study also aims to reveal the transition of the plan and spatial characters about how parks and green lands in the central district were created and related to the existing parks. The study method is to analyze the spatial characters of the five parks and green lands located in the central district, by reproducing the planning and transition maps.