南太平洋島嶼国における近代都市の居住空間フィジー国旧首都レブカの文化遺産マネジメントに関する研究 その2

摘要

南太平洋島嶼地域は、15世紀から20世紀にかけて続いた欧米諸国による世界的な植民地化の過程において、その最終期に植民地化が進められた地域である。本研究の対象地であるフィジー諸島共和国旧首都レブカは、南太平洋島嶼地域における近代都市形成初期の都市の特徴を、現在の空間構成および景観構成に最もよく留めるとされ、2013年6月に、世界遣産に登録された。%The aim of the study is to clarify the relation between historic buildings and life styles of residents through the analysis of the historical background of each races, the social, racial and religious background of the current residents and the use of the living spaces. The results showed that Levuka has been accepting people with different races, cultures and religions through its history. That diversity is still reflected in today's residents in the town and even expanding. Asian oriented residents have been manageing shops to supply foods and other goods for the people on the iland. Decendants of early European settlers still live in the town, too. One thrid of the town's population are mixed and non-mixed people are consisted of diversed races. This diversity of the town is showing its open mindness. People use shop spaces for social communication; on the other hand, Indian Fijians have temples in their living space and Chinese Fijians have fish tank which are from their original cultures. On verandas in houses, they sit down on chairs when they welcome guests during day time; however, they place Fijian mats and sit down and drink kava in the evening. This contrast shows the mixture and infusion of cultures. As the conclusion, not only historic buildings but also the race distribution and the origins of families also are the evidences of the town's history. Their living styles are the mixture and integration of cultures of Fijian and immigrants and the modern and the traditions. Levuka has a value not only as a cultural heritage but also as an integrated heritage of tangibles and intangibles.