Tunisia's Post-Arab Spring Intelligence Reform

摘要

Institutionalizing democratic reform of intelligence in Tunisia has been halfhearted. Indeed, as Dworkin and El Malki observe, "Tunisia formulates security policy against a background of complex and incomplete political transition, in which a constitution based on the principle of accountability coexists with a security sector that is in many areas reforming slowly, if at all."117 Likewise, Jebnoun explains that, although some progress has been made in terminating the MOI's interference in the electoral process, opacity remains a main feature of the security sector-including the internal security forces and intelligence agencies.118 While the current Tunisian intelligence agencies are becoming more effective in dealing with the security threats, they are still obscure and lack robust democratic civilian control. In this connection, as Grewal points out, "[A] still-unreformed security sector is an impediment to democracy, security, and sustainable development ."