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  • 期刊名称：

    Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on

  • 中文名称： 智能交通系统，IEEE事务
  • 刊频：
  • ISSN： 1524-9050
  • 出版社： -
  • 简介：

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  • 1.

    【24hr】Phase Transition of Message Propagation Speed in Delay-Tolerant Vehicular Networks

    包量

    机译 时延容忍车载网络中消息传播速度的相变
    摘要：Delay-tolerant network (DTN) architectures have recently been proposed as a means to enable efficient routing of messages in vehicular area networks (VANETs), which are characterized by alternating periods of connectivity and disconnection. Under such architectures, when multihop connectivity is available, messages propagate at the speed of radio over connected vehicles. On the other hand, when vehicles are disconnected, messages are carried by vehicles and propagate at vehicle speed. Our goal in this paper is to analytically determine what gains are achieved by DTN architectures and under which conditions, using the average message propagation speed as the primary metric of interest. We develop an analytical model for a bidirectional linear network of vehicles, as found on highways. We derive both upper and lower bounds on the average message propagation speed by exploiting a connection with the classical pattern-matching problem in probability theory. The bounds reveal an interesting phase transition behavior. Specifically, we find out that, below a certain critical threshold, which is a function of the traffic density in each direction, the average message speed is the same as the average vehicle speed, i.e., DTN architectures provide no gain. On the other hand, we determine another threshold above which the average message speed quickly increases as a function of traffic density and approaches radio speed. Based on the bounds, we also develop an approximation model for the average message propagation speed that we validate through numerical simulations.
  • 2.

    【24hr】Experimental Development of a New Target and Control Driver Steering Model Based on DLC Test Data

    包量

    机译 基于DLC测试数据的新型目标控制驾驶员转向模型的实验开发
    • 作者：Tan H.-S.;Huang J.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：This paper describes the development of a driver steering model that captures driver key steering mechanisms based on the analyses of vehicle test data on the standard double lane change (DLC) course. These analyses indicate that, instead of planning and following a desired path according to the traditional trajectory-planning concept, drivers simply use the next lane center as the target points for control during lane changes. The data also suggest that drivers engage steering rate control instead of the conventional steering angle control to steer the vehicle. Accordingly, this paper proposes a relatively straightforward driver steering model based on this target and control scheme. Both the open-loop identification and closed-loop simulations verify that this relatively simple driver steering model is capable of capturing individual driver steering behavior and that the simulated steering rate matches well with the actual steering rate for all 80 vehicle test runs conducted by 20 different drivers.
  • 3.

    【24hr】A Novel Lane Detection System With Efficient Ground Truth Generation

    包量

    机译 具有高效地面真相生成的新型车道检测系统
    摘要：A new night-time lane detection system and its accompanying framework are presented in this paper. The accompanying framework consists of an automated ground truth process and systematic storage of captured videos that will be used for training and testing. The proposed Advanced Lane Detector 2.0 (ALD 2.0) is an improvement over the ALD 1.0 or Layered Approach with integration of pixel remapping, outlier removal, and prediction with tracking. Additionally, a novel procedure to generate the ground truth data for lane marker locations is also proposed. The procedure consists of an original process called time slicing, which provides the user with unique visualization of the captured video and enables quick generation of ground truth information. Finally, the setup and implementation of a database hosting lane detection videos and standardized data sets for testing are also described. The ALD 2.0 is evaluated by means of the user-created annotations accompanying the videos. Finally, the planned improvements and remaining work are addressed.
  • 4.

    【24hr】Localized Extended Kalman Filter for Scalable Real-Time Traffic State Estimation

    包量

    机译 可扩展的实时交通状态估计的本地化扩展卡尔曼滤波器
    摘要：Current or historic traffic states are essential input to advanced traveler information, dynamic traffic management, and model predictive control systems. As traffic states are usually not perfectly measured and are everywhere, they need to be estimated from local and noisy sensor data. One of the most widely applied estimation methods is the Lighthill-Whitham and Richards (LWR) model with an extended Kalman filter (EKF). A large disadvantage of the EKF is that it is too slow to perform in real time on large networks. To overcome this problem, the novel localized EKF (L-EKF) is proposed in this paper. The logic of the traffic network is used to correct only the state in the vicinity of a detector. The L-EKF does not use all information available to correct the state of the network; the resulting accuracy is equal, however, if the radius of the local filters is sufficiently large. In two experiments, it is shown that the L-EKF is much faster than the traditional Global EKF (G-EKF), that it scales much better with the network size, and that it leads to estimates with nearly the same accuracy as the G-EKF and when the spacing between detectors is varied somewhere between 0.7 and 5.1 km. Compared with the G-EKF, the L-EKF is a highly scalable solution to the state estimation problem.
  • 5.

    【24hr】Collaborative Vision-Integrated Pseudorange Error Removal: Team-Estimated Differential GNSS Corrections with no Stationary Reference Receiver

    包量

    机译 协同视觉集成的伪距误差消除：无固定参考接收机的团队估计差分GNSS校正
    • 作者：Rife J.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：This paper presents an approach for generating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) differential corrections by distributing GNSS and georeferenced vision measurements through a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications network. Conventionally, high-quality differential GNSS corrections are generated from a stationary reference receiver in close proximity to a set of mobile users. The proposed method, which is called Collaborative Vision Integrated Pseudorange Error Removal (C-VIPER), instead generates differential corrections using data from moving vehicles, thus eliminating the need for an infrastructure of stationary receivers. An important feature of the proposed algorithm is that individual differential corrections are computed for each satellite, so that corrections can be shared among users with different satellites in view. As demonstrated in simulation, measurement sharing significantly improves positioning accuracy in both the cross-track direction, where the quality of visual lane-boundary measurements is high, and the along-track direction, where the quality is low. Furthermore, because measurements are shared among many vehicles, the networked solution is robust to vision-sensor dropouts that may occur for individual vehicles.
  • 6.

    【24hr】Floating Car Data Augmentation Based on Infrastructure Sensors and Neural Networks

    包量

    机译 基于基础设施传感器和神经网络的浮动汽车数据增强
    摘要：The development of new-generation intelligent vehicle technologies will lead to a better level of road safety and $hbox{CO}_{2}$ emission reductions. However, the weak point of all these systems is their need for comprehensive and reliable data. For traffic data acquisition, two sources are currently available: 1) infrastructure sensors and 2) floating vehicles. The former consists of a set of fixed point detectors installed in the roads, and the latter consists of the use of mobile probe vehicles as mobile sensors. However, both systems still have some deficiencies. The infrastructure sensors retrieve information from static points of the road, which are spaced, in some cases, kilometers apart. This means that the picture of the actual traffic situation is not a real one. This deficiency is corrected by floating cars, which retrieve dynamic information on the traffic situation. Unfortunately, the number of floating data vehicles currently available is too small and insufficient to give a complete picture of the road traffic. In this paper, we present a floating car data (FCD) augmentation system that combines information from floating data vehicles and infrastructure sensors, and that, by using neural networks, is capable of incrementing the amount of FCD with virtual information. This system has been implemented and tested on actual roads, and the results show little difference between the data supplied by the floating vehicles and the virtual vehicles.
  • 7.

    【24hr】Extended Floating Car Data System: Experimental Results and Application for a Hybrid Route Level of Service

    包量

    机译 扩展的浮动汽车数据系统：混合路线服务水平的实验结果和应用
    摘要：This paper presents the results of a set of extensive experiments carried out under both daytime and nighttime real traffic conditions. The data were captured using an enhanced or extended Floating Car Data system (xFCD) that includes a stereo vision sensor for detecting the local traffic ahead. The collected information is then used to propose a novel approach to the level-of-service (LOS) calculation. This calculation uses information from both the xFCD and the magnetic loops deployed in the infrastructure to construct a speed/occupancy hybrid plane that characterizes the traffic state of a continuous route. In the xFCD system, the detection component implies the use of previously developed monocular approaches in combination with new stereo vision algorithms that add robustness to the detection and increase the accuracy of the measurements corresponding to relative distance and speed. In addition to the stereo pair of cameras, the vehicle is equipped with a low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS) and an electronic device for controller-area-network bus interfacing. The xFCD system has been tested in a 198-min sequence recorded in real traffic scenarios under different weather and illumination conditions. The results are promising and demonstrate that the xFCD system is ready for being used as a source of traffic status information. As an indicative example of the developed xFCD system, we construct a novel route LOS calculation that combines hybrid information about speed and occupancy from both the xFCD system and the magnetic loops in the infrastructure.
  • 8.

    【24hr】A Note on the ITS Topic Evolution in the Period 2000–2009 at T-ITS

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    机译 关于T-ITS 2000-2009年ITS主题演变的注释
    摘要：In this paper, we extend the study of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) topic evolution presented by Li et al. To do so, we apply an approach that combines both H-index-based performance analysis and science mapping to detect, visualize, and evaluate conceptual ITS themes and ITS thematic areas published by the journal IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transport Systems during the decade (2000–2009). The primary consequence of this is the detection of three important thematic areas: COMPUTER-VISION and TRAFFIC-FLOW, which are related to research in ITS applied to vehicles, and AIRCRAFT-TRAFFIC, which is related to research in ITS applied to aircraft/airport.
  • 9.

    【24hr】Real-Time Driver's Stress Event Detection

    包量

    机译 实时驾驶员压力事件检测
    摘要：In this paper, a real-time methodology for the detection of stress events while driving is presented. The detection is based on the use of physiological signals, i.e., electrocardiogram, electrodermal activity, and respiration, as well as past observations of driving behavior. Features are calculated over windows of specific length and are introduced in a Bayesian network to detect driver's stress events. The accuracy of the stress event detection based only on physiological features, evaluated on a data set obtained in real driving conditions, resulted in an accuracy of 82%. Enhancement of the stress event detection model with the incorporation of driving event information has reduced false positives, yielding an increased accuracy of 96%. Furthermore, our methodology demonstrates good adaptability due to the application of online learning of the model parameters.
  • 10.

    【24hr】On the Impact of Virtual Traffic Lights on Carbon Emissions Mitigation

    包量

    机译 虚拟交通灯对减少碳排放的影响
    摘要：Considering that the transport sector is responsible for an increasingly important share of current environmental problems, we look at Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) as a feasible means of helping in solving this issue. In particular, we evaluate the impact in terms of Carbon Dioxide $(hbox{CO}_{2})$ emissions of Virtual Traffic Light (VTL), which is a recently proposed infrastructureless traffic control system solely based on Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. Our evaluation uses a real-city scenario in a complex simulation framework, involving microscopic traffic, wireless communication, and emission models. Compared with an approximation of the physical traffic light system deployed in the city, our results show a significant reduction on $hbox{CO}_{2}$ emissions when using VTLs, reaching nearly 20% under high-density traffic.
  • 11.

    【24hr】Microsimulation Model for Motorway Merges With Ramp-Metering Controls

    包量

    机译 具有匝道控制的高速公路合并的微观仿真模型
    • 作者：Al-Obaedi J.;Yousif S.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：This paper presents a newly developed microsimulation model for motorway merge traffic, focusing on issues that relate to ramp-metering (RM) control and its effectiveness. The model deals with general and more specific drivers' behavioral tasks, such as the drivers' cooperative nature in allowing other drivers to merge in front of them either by decelerating or shifting to adjacent lanes. The main criteria of this model are governed by the application of car-following, lane-changing, and gap-acceptance rules. The model has been calibrated and validated mainly using real traffic data taken from loop detectors for two-, three-, and four-lane motorways. Compared with the S-PARAMICS software, using the same data, the model showed better results. The effectiveness of some of the widely used RM control algorithms, such as Demand-Capacity, ALINEA, and ANCONA, were also assessed after finding the optimum parameters (such as critical occupancy and position of loop detectors).
  • 12.

    【24hr】Robust Train Timetabling Problem: Mathematical Model and Branch and Bound Algorithm

    包量

    机译 鲁棒的火车时间表问题：数学模型和分支定界算法
    摘要：This paper illustrates the results of an investigation into developing a new robust train-timetabling problem in a single-track railway line. The proposed model is formulated as a robust form of the mixed integer approach. A branch-and-bound (B&B) algorithm, along with a new heuristic beam search (BS) algorithm, is presented to solve the model for large-scale problems in reasonable time. We also propose two different methods to measure the required buffer times under the assumption of unknown and known distribution functions of disturbances. We have generated some random instances, and the efficiency of the B&B and BS algorithms are demonstrated by comparing the results with common software packages as well as a new lower bound method. The results demonstrate that the B&B algorithm can find optimum solutions in a shorter amount of time compared with common software packages such as Lingo. Moreover, the BS algorithm can effectively find a near-optimum solution in a rational amount of time.
  • 13.

    【24hr】Cognitive Cars: A New Frontier for ADAS Research

    包量

    机译 认知汽车：ADAS研究的新领域
    摘要：This paper provides a survey of recent works on cognitive cars with a focus on driver-oriented intelligent vehicle motion control. The main objective here is to clarify the goals and guidelines for future development in the area of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs). Two major research directions are investigated and discussed in detail: 1) stimuli–decisions–actions, which focuses on the driver side, and 2) perception enhancement–action-suggestion–function-delegation, which emphasizes the ADAS side. This paper addresses the important achievements and major difficulties of each direction and discusses how to combine the two directions into a single integrated system to obtain safety and comfort while driving. Other related topics, including driver training and infrastructure design, are also studied.
  • 14.

    【24hr】A Novel Geodetic Engineering Method for Accurate and Automated Road/Railway Centerline Geometry Extraction Based on the Bearing Diagram and Fractal Behavior

    包量

    机译 基于方位图和分形特性的道路/铁路中心线几何自动精确提取的大地工程新方法
    • 作者：Gikas V.;Stratakos J.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：This paper describes a novel approach for extracting the centerline geometry of road/railway alignments in the form of traditional design elements (i.e., straight lines, circle arcs, and clothoids). As opposed to previous research, the proposed method attempts a completely general and a fully automated solution to the problem in a rigorous mathematical manner. Centerline locations originate in a ground-based mobile mapping system (e.g., global navigation satellite system/inertial navigation system vehicle trajectory or kinematic laser scanning profiles of the road/railway corridor). The core of the algorithm resides on the use, manipulation, and suitable reformulations of the bearing diagram of the centerline locations and its first- and second-order derivatives. To ensure highly accurate and consistent results, the algorithm practices a series of specifically designed/dynamically tuned filters that fully adhere to the fractal properties of the centerline location data. Extended test runs were undertaken to validate the correctness of the mathematical model and the feasibility of the algorithms and associated software. In this paper, test results using a simulated and a real (based on a multisensor geodetic survey) subset of a railway track data are discussed.
  • 15.

    【24hr】Platooning With IVC-Enabled Autonomous Vehicles: Strategies to Mitigate Communication Delays, Improve Safety and Traffic Flow

    包量

    机译 启用IVC的自动驾驶汽车排：缓解通信延迟，改善安全性和交通流量的策略
    • 作者：Fernandes P.;Nunes U.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：Intraplatoon information management strategies for dealing with safe and stable operation are proposed in this paper. New algorithms to mitigate communication delays are presented, and Matlab/Simulink-based simulation results are reported. We argue that using anticipatory information from both the platoon''s leader and the followers significantly impacts platoon string stability. The obtained simulation results suggest that the effects of communication delays may be almost completely canceled out. The platoon presents a very stable behavior, even when subjected to strong acceleration patterns. When the communication channel is subjected to a strong load, proper algorithms may be selected, lowering network load and maintaining string stability. Upon emergency occurrences, the platoon’s timely response may be ensured by dynamically increasing the weight of the platoons'' leaders data over the behavior of their followers. The simulation results suggest that the algorithms are robust under several demanding scenarios. To assess if current intervehicle communication technology can cope with the proposed information-updating schemes, research into its operation was conducted through a network simulator.
  • 16.

    【24hr】Leveraging Electronic Ticketing to Provide Personalized Navigation in a Public Transport Network

    包量

    机译 利用电子票务在公共交通网络中提供个性化导航
    摘要：Public transport networks (PTNs) are difficult to use when the user is unfamiliar with the area she is traveling to, as shown by a user survey that we present in this paper. This is true for both infrequent users (including visitors) and regular users who need to travel to areas with which they are not acquainted. In these situations, adequate on-trip navigation information can substantially ease the use of public transportation and be the driving factor in motivating travelers to prefer it over other modes of transportation. However, estimating the localization of a user is not trivial, although it is critical for providing relevant information. In this paper, we propose the use of an electronic ticketing infrastructure of a PTN operator for positioning within the context of the PTN to give on-trip personalized navigation cues. To our knowledge, this is an innovative contribution that has not been described or deployed, to date, elsewhere. We assess relevant design issues for a modular cost-efficient user-friendly on-trip navigation service that uses position sensors and present the details of a proof-of-concept prototype running in our laboratory. We also present and analyze the results of a user survey on the usefulness of the service and its acceptance by users.
  • 17.

    【24hr】Development and Evaluation of a Cooperative Vehicle Intersection Control Algorithm Under the Connected Vehicles Environment

    包量

    机译 互联车辆环境下合作车辆交叉路口控制算法的开发与评估
    • 作者：Lee J.;Park B.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：Under the Connected Vehicles (CV) environment, it is possible to create a Cooperative Vehicle Intersection Control (CVIC) system that enables cooperation between vehicles and infrastructure for effective intersection operations and management when all vehicles are fully automated. Assuming such a CVIC environment, this paper proposed a CVIC algorithm that does not require a traffic signal. The CVIC algorithm was designed to manipulate individual vehicles' maneuvers so that vehicles can safely cross the intersection without colliding with other vehicles. By eliminating the potential overlaps of vehicular trajectories coming from all conflicting approaches at the intersection, the CVIC algorithm seeks a safe maneuver for every vehicle approaching the intersection and manipulates each of them. An additional algorithm was designed to deal with the system failure cases resulting from inevitable trajectory overlaps at the intersection and infeasible solutions. A simulation-based case study implemented on a hypothetical four-way single-lane approach intersection under varying congestion conditions showed that the CVIC algorithm significantly improved intersection performance compared with conventional actuated intersection control: 99% and 33% of stop delay and total travel time reductions, respectively, were achieved. In addition, the CVIC algorithm significantly improved air quality and energy savings: 44% reductions of $hbox{CO}_{2}$ and 44% savings of fuel consumption.
  • 18.

    【24hr】An Intelligent V2I-Based Traffic Management System

    包量

    机译 基于智能V2I的交通管理系统
    摘要：Vehicles equipped with intelligent systems designed to prevent accidents, such as collision warning systems (CWSs) or lane-keeping assistance (LKA), are now on the market. The next step in reducing road accidents is to coordinate such vehicles in advance not only to avoid collisions but to improve traffic flow as well. To this end, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications are essential to properly manage traffic situations. This paper describes the AUTOPIA approach toward an intelligent traffic management system based on V2I communications. A fuzzy-based control algorithm that takes into account each vehicle's safe and comfortable distance and speed adjustment for collision avoidance and better traffic flow has been developed. The proposed solution was validated by an IEEE-802.11p-based communications study. The entire system showed good performance in testing in real-world scenarios, first by computer simulation and then with real vehicles.
  • 19.

    【24hr】Optimizing Pushback Decisions to Valuate Airport Surface Surveillance Information

    包量

    机译 优化后推决策以评估机场地面监视信息
    摘要：As airport surface surveillance technologies develop, aircraft ground position information becomes more easily available and accurate. This paper provides a better understanding of the value of future surface surveillance systems where departures, and more specifically pushback times, will be optimized. It analytically quantifies the potential benefits yielded by providing surveillance information to the agent or system that is entrusted with tactically optimizing pushback clearances under nominal conditions. A stochastic model of surface operations is developed for single-ramp surface operations and calibrated to emulate departure surface operations at LaGuardia Airport. Two levels of information are examined within a tactically optimized collaborative decision-making framework. For each level, emissions, number of taxiing aircraft, and runway utilization rate are analyzed and compared with a simple threshold policy to evaluate surface surveillance information. Safety benefits, however, are not considered in this paper. It is estimated that optimally controlling pushback clearances from a single-ramp area using detailed surface surveillance information does not provide significant benefits when compared with controlling pushback clearances using a gate-holding policy based on the number of aircraft currently taxiing. However, when the runway is functioning at intermediate capacity (50%–72% runway utilization rates), e.g., under adverse weather conditions, surveillance information may improve optimization of departure operations. In such case, emissions and the number of taxiing aircraft are reduced by up to 6% when compared with the gate-holding policy and by up to 3% when compared with the performance of an intelligent operator with limited information.
  • 20.

    【24hr】A Novel Approach for Modeling Land Vehicle Kinematics to Improve GPS Performance Under Urban Environment Conditions

    包量

    机译 一种在城市环境条件下提高GPS性能的陆地车辆运动学建模的新方法
    摘要：The satellite blockage problem, which adversely affects Global Positioning System (GPS) accuracy in urban environments, is addressed in this work. To provide a position solution, there must be at least four satellites within line of sight (LOS) of the receiver (vehicle). However, when satellite blockage occurs, this requirement is not met because most of the sky is obscured by tall buildings, and only a narrow sky sector is exposed to the receiver. Given the short duration of satellite blockages, an efficient solution to this problem can be accomplished through reliable modeling of vehicle motion. In this manner, information regarding vehicle motion can be more precisely obtained in the absence of a sufficient number of measurements. In this paper, a model that uses intrinsic quantities as part of the description of the vehicle path, such as curvature, tangent angle, and tangential speed, is proposed to achieve a more accurate modeling of both the trajectory and kinematics of a land vehicle. The model, which was implemented via an extended Kalman filter, was examined against currently known models during satellite blockage scenarios and demonstrated superior performance.
  • 21.

    【24hr】Evaluating the Utility of Driving: Toward Automated Decision Making Under Uncertainty

    包量

    机译 评估驾驶的效用：不确定性下的自动化决策
    • 作者：Schubert R.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：The complexity of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs) is steadily increasing. While the first applications were based on mere warnings, current systems actively intervene in the driving process. Due to this development, such systems have to automatically choose between different action alternatives. From an algorithmic point of view, this requires automatic decision making on the basis of uncertain data. In this paper, the application of decision networks for this problem is proposed. It is demonstrated how this approach facilitates automatic maneuver decisions in a prototypical lane change assistance system. Furthermore, relevant research questions and unsolved problems related to this topic are identified.
  • 22.

    【24hr】A Dynamic Privacy-Preserving Key Management Scheme for Location-Based Services in VANETs

    包量

    机译 VANET中基于位置的服务的动态隐私保护密钥管理方案
    摘要：In this paper, to achieve a vehicle user's privacy preservation while improving the key update efficiency of location-based services (LBSs) in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), we propose a dynamic privacy-preserving key management scheme called DIKE. Specifically, in the proposed DIKE scheme, we first introduce a privacy-preserving authentication technique that not only provides the vehicle user's anonymous authentication but enables double-registration detection as well. We then present efficient LBS session key update procedures: 1) We divide the session of an LBS into several time slots so that each time slot holds a different session key; when no vehicle user departs from the service session, each joined user can use a one-way hash function to autonomously update the new session key for achieving forward secrecy. 2) We also integrate a novel dynamic threshold technique in traditional vehicle-to-vehicle (V-2-V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V-2-I) communications to achieve the session key's backward secrecy, i.e., when a vehicle user departs from the service session, more than a threshold number of joined users can cooperatively update the new session key. Performance evaluations via extensive simulations demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed DIKE scheme in terms of low key update delay and fast key update ratio.
  • 23.

    【24hr】Tracking and Pairing Vehicle Headlight in Night Scenes

    包量

    机译 夜景中车辆前灯的跟踪和配对
    摘要：Traffic surveillance is an important topic in computer vision and intelligent transportation systems and has intensively been studied in the past decades. However, most of the state-of-the-art methods concentrate on daytime traffic monitoring. In this paper, we propose a nighttime traffic surveillance system, which consists of headlight detection, headlight tracking and pairing, and camera calibration and vehicle speed estimation. First, a vehicle headlight is detected using a reflection intensity map and a reflection suppressed map based on the analysis of the light attenuation model. Second, the headlight is tracked and paired by utilizing a simple yet effective bidirectional reasoning algorithm. Finally, the trajectories of the vehicle's headlight are employed to calibrate the surveillance camera and estimate the vehicle's speed. Experimental results on typical sequences show that the proposed method can robustly detect, track, and pair the vehicle headlight in night scenes. Extensive quantitative evaluations and related comparisons demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
  • 24.

    【24hr】Real-Time Lagrangian Traffic State Estimator for Freeways

    包量

    机译 高速公路实时拉格朗日交通状态估算器
    摘要：Freeway traffic state estimation and prediction are central components in real-time traffic management and information applications. Model-based traffic state estimators consist of a dynamic model for the state variables (e.g., a first- or second-order macroscopic traffic flow model), a set of observation equations relating sensor observations to the system state (e.g., the fundamental diagrams), and a data-assimilation technique to combine the model predictions with the sensor observations [e.g., the extended Kalman filter (EKF)]. Commonly, both process and observation models are formulated in Eulerian (space–time) coordinates. Recent studies have shown that this model can be formulated and solved more efficiently and accurately in Lagrangian (vehicle number–time) coordinates. In this paper, we propose a new model-based state estimator based on the EKF technique, in which the discretized Lagrangian Lighthill-Whitham and Richards (LWR) model is used as the process equation, and in which observation models for both Eulerian and Lagrangian sensor data (from loop detectors and vehicle trajectories, respectively) are incorporated. This Lagrangian state estimator is validated and compared with a Eulerian state estimator based on the same LWR model using an empirical microscopic traffic data set from the U.K. The results indicate that the Lagrangian estimator is significantly more accurate and offers computational and theoretical benefits over the Eulerian approach.
  • 25.

    【24hr】Parallelized Particle and Gaussian Sum Particle Filters for Large-Scale Freeway Traffic Systems

    包量

    机译 大型高速公路交通系统的并行粒子和高斯和粒子滤波器
    摘要：Large-scale traffic systems require techniques that are able to 1) deal with high amounts of data and heterogenous data coming from different types of sensors, 2) provide robustness in the presence of sparse sensor data, 3) incorporate different models that can deal with various traffic regimes, and 4) cope with multimodal conditional probability density functions (pdfs) for the states. Often, centralized architectures face challenges due to high communication demands. This paper develops new estimation techniques that are able to cope with these problems of large traffic network systems. These are parallelized particle filters (PPFs) and a parallelized Gaussian sum particle filter (PGSPF) that are suitable for online traffic management. We show how complex pdfs of the high-dimensional traffic state can be decomposed into functions with simpler forms and how the whole estimation problem solved in an efficient way. The proposed approach is general, with limited interactions, which reduce the computational time and provide high estimation accuracy. The efficiency of the PPFs and PGSPFs is evaluated in terms of accuracy, complexity, and communication demands and compared with the case where all processing is centralized.
  • 26.

    【24hr】Amplitude-Modulated Laser Radar for Range and Speed Measurement in Car Applications

    包量

    机译 用于汽车应用中距离和速度测量的调幅激光雷达
    摘要：Doppler laser radar can improve the precision of speed measurement by about two orders of magnitude compared with time-of-flight range finders, which obtain target speeds by range differentiation. However, in a car environment, the usage of traditional Doppler laser radar schemes is limited, because they do not satisfy the requirement of simultaneously measuring the target range together with speed with high precision. First, in this paper, we describe a new in-car laser radar system and show a new modulation scheme that enables the in-car laser radar to simultaneously measure the target range and speed with high precision. Then, we perform simulations and experiments to verify the accuracy of the proposed method. In the Appendix, a brief review of current widely used laser radar schemes is given. The limitations of these schemes to their employment in car applications are also discussed.
  • 27.

    【24hr】Subliminal Persuasion and Its Potential for Driver Behavior Adaptation

    包量

    机译 阈下说服力及其对驾驶员行为适应的潜力
    • 作者：Riener A.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：Mental overload is a problem drivers are increasingly exposed to in today''s complex task of vehicle operation and is one of the causes of traffic accidents or hazards. To keep road safety high but allow for additional information to be forwarded to the driver, we propose to employ subliminal persuasion: a technique where the information is transferred below the level of conscious awareness. Thus, the driver becomes aware of the information, but his/her cognitive load is unaltered. To analyze the potential of this approach, we have designed a case study implementing an “eco-driving” strategy operating in the background. Driving economy is thereby estimated based on vehicles'' mileage gathered in real time from numerous sensors in and around the car, and information is conveyed to the driver with very light, not attentively perceivable, vibration patterns originating from tactor elements integrated into the safety belt or the car seat. The main research hypothesis followed in this paper and investigated in real driving studies is that drivers would operate their vehicles more economically on vibrotactile instructions perceived inattentively, as compared with the case without any notifications. Indeed, results indicate an improvement in driving economy for segments driven with subliminal feedback compared with routes driven without assistance but not without qualifications. Statistical significance has been proven for the safety belt interface, whereas it has not been substantiated for the tactile car seat. (However, more research is needed to validate the applicability of subliminal persuasion across a wider range of driving and in-vehicle tasks.)
  • 28.

    【24hr】Stereo-Camera-Based Urban Environment Perception Using Occupancy Grid and Object Tracking

    包量

    机译 基于占用空间网格和对象跟踪的基于立体相机的城市环境感知
    摘要：This paper deals with environment perception for automobile applications. Environment perception comprises measuring the surrounding field with onboard sensors such as cameras, radar, lidars, etc., and signal processing to extract relevant information for the planned safety or assistance function. Relevant information is primarily supplied using two well-known methods, namely, object based and grid based. In the introduction, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and subsequently present an approach that combines the two methods to achieve better results. The first part outlines how measurements from stereo sensors can be mapped onto an occupancy grid using an appropriate inverse sensor model. We employ the Dempster–Shafer theory to describe the occupancy grid, which has certain advantages over Bayes' theorem. Furthermore, we generate clusters of grid cells that potentially belong to separate obstacles in the field. These clusters serve as input for an object-tracking framework implemented with an interacting multiple-model estimator. Thereby, moving objects in the field can be identified, and this, in turn, helps update the occupancy grid more effectively. The first experimental results are illustrated, and the next possible research intentions are also discussed.
  • 29.

    【24hr】Optimal Aviation Security Screening Strategies With Dynamic Passenger Risk Updates

    包量

    机译 具有动态旅客风险更新的最佳航空安检策略
    摘要：Passenger screening is a critical component of aviation security systems. This paper introduces the multistage sequential passenger screening problem (MSPSP), which models passenger and carry-on baggage screening operations in an aviation security system with the capability of dynamically updating the perceived risk of passengers. The passenger screening operation at an airport terminal is subdivided into multiple screening stages, with decisions made to assign each passenger to one of several available security classes at each such stage. Each passenger's assessed threat value (initially determined by an automated passenger prescreening system) is updated after the passenger proceeds through each screening stage. The objective of MSPSP is to maximize the total security of all passenger screening decisions over a fixed time period, given passenger perceived risk levels and security device performance parameters. An optimal policy for screening passengers in MSPSP is obtained using optimal sequential assignment theory. A Monte Carlo simulation-based heuristic is presented and compared with stochastic sequential assignment and feedback control algorithms. Computational analysis of a two-stage security system provides an assessment of the total security performance.
  • 30.

    【24hr】Dynamic All-Red Extension at a Signalized Intersection: A Framework of Probabilistic Modeling and Performance Evaluation

    包量

    机译 信号交叉口的动态全红扩展：概率建模和性能评估的框架
    摘要：Dynamic all-red extension (DARE) has recently attracted research interest as a nontraditional intersection collision-avoidance method, for which the prediction of red-light running (RLR) and its related hazardous situations is a crucial part. We propose a probabilistic framework to model and predict RLR hazards for DARE. The RLR hazard, which is quantified by a predictive encroachment time, has contributory factors, including the speed, distance, and car-following status of the violator and the empirical distribution of the entry time of conflict traffic. An offline data analysis procedure is developed to set the parameters for RLR hazard prediction. Online-wise, a 2-D normal model is developed to predict the vehicle's stop–go maneuver based on speeds at advanced detectors and the car-following status. Additionally, unlike most prediction models that are designed to minimize mean errors, our model identifies two types of errors, namely, the false alarm and a missed report. The capability of distinguishing these two types of errors is crucial to the effectiveness of dynamic operations. To quantify the tradeoff between these two types of errors in DARE, a system operating characteristic (SOC) function is then defined. Effectiveness of the proposed model and its prediction algorithm is demonstrated using data collected from a field intersection. At a false-alarm rate of less than 5% (or equivalently about one false trigger per 8 h), the algorithm reached a correct detection rate of over 70% to more than 80%. Performance evaluation results showed that the proposed DARE framework can effectively predict the RLR hazards.
  • 31.

    【24hr】Pedestrian Detection in Video Images via Error Correcting Output Code Classification of Manifold Subclasses

    包量

    机译 通过纠错歧管子类的输出代码分类对视频图像中的行人进行检测
    • 作者：Ye Q.;Liang J.;Jiao J.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：Pedestrian detection in images and video frames is challenged by the view and posture problem. In this paper, we propose a new pedestrian detection approach by error correcting output code (ECOC) classification of manifold subclasses. The motivation is that pedestrians across views and postures form a manifold and that the ECOC method constructs a nonlinear classification boundary that can discriminate the manifold from negative samples. The pedestrian manifold is first constructed with a local linear embedding algorithm and then divided into subclasses with a $K$-means clustering algorithm. The neighboring relationships of these subclasses are used to make the encoding rule for ECOCs, which we use to train multiple base classifiers with histogram of oriented gradient features and linear support vector machines. In the detection procedure, image windows are tested with all base classifiers, and their output codes are fed into an ECOC decoding procedure to decide whether it is a pedestrian or not. Experiments on three data sets show that the results of our approach improve the state of the art.
  • 32.

    【24hr】Intelligent Environment-Friendly Vehicles: Concept and Case Studies

    包量

    机译 智能环保车辆：概念和案例研究
    摘要：The concept of an intelligent environment-friendly vehicle (i-EFV) is proposed in this paper. It integrates three components, i.e., clean-energy powertrain, electrified chassis, and intelligent information interaction devices. By employing such technologies as structure sharing, data fusion, and control coordination, more comprehensive performances are achievable, in terms of traffic safety, fuel efficiency, and environmental protection. Based on its definition and configuration, some key technologies, including design for resource effectiveness, driving environment identification, and coordinated control, are studied. As a basic application, a platform of an intelligent hybrid electric vehicle (i-HEV), which incorporates a hybrid powertrain with adaptive cruise control, has been designed and implemented. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the i-EFV performed better than a conventional vehicle.
  • 33.

    【24hr】A New Approach for Co-Operative Bus Priority at Traffic Signals

    包量

    机译 一种在交通信号灯下协同公交优先的新方法
    摘要：Bus priority at traffic signals is a growing area of cooperative transport system applications. Interest in bus priority continues to grow as the cities pay more attention to the needs of buses to provide fast, frequent, and reliable services, thus contributing to a sustainable transport system. Bus priority at traffic signals is particularly favored at places where road space is limited and traffic signal density is high. With increasing the use of automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems, it is now possible to provide “differential” priority, where different levels of priority can be awarded to buses at traffic signals according to chosen criteria (e.g., to improve regularity). At present, common strategies are based on the comparison of the time headway of a bus with the scheduled headway. However, this paper shows that greater regularity benefits could be achieved through a strategy where priority for a bus is based not only on its own headway but also the headway of the bus behind (the following bus). This paper demonstrates the benefits of this on a theoretical basis and quantifies the benefits from simulation modeling of a high-frequency bus route. Such a strategy provides an opportunity to exploit the more detailed location information available from the growing number of AVL-based systems for buses being implemented around the world.
  • 34.

    【24hr】Interacting Multiple Model Filter-Based Sensor Fusion of GPS With In-Vehicle Sensors for Real-Time Vehicle Positioning

    包量

    机译 GPS与车载传感器相互作用的基于多模型滤波器的GPS传感器融合，用于实时车辆定位
    • 作者：Jo K.;Chu K.;Sunwoo M.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第1期
    摘要：Vehicle position estimation for intelligent vehicles requires not only highly accurate position information but reliable and continuous information provision as well. A low-cost Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver has widely been used for conventional automotive applications, but it does not guarantee accuracy, reliability, or continuity of position data when GPS errors occur. To mitigate GPS errors, numerous Bayesian filters based on sensor fusion algorithms have been studied. The estimation performance of Bayesian filters primarily relies on the choice of process model. For this reason, the change in vehicle dynamics with driving conditions should be addressed in the process model of the Bayesian filters. This paper presents a positioning algorithm based on an interacting multiple model (IMM) filter that integrates low-cost GPS and in-vehicle sensors to adapt the vehicle model to various driving conditions. The model set of the IMM filter is composed of a kinematic vehicle model and a dynamic vehicle model. The algorithm developed in this paper is verified via intensive simulation and evaluated through experimentation with a real-time embedded system. Experimental results show that the performance of the positioning system is accurate and reliable under a wide range of driving conditions.
  • 35.

    【24hr】A FIFO Rule Consistent Model for the Continuous Dynamic Network Loading Problem

    包量

    机译 连续动态网络加载问题的FIFO规则一致性模型
    摘要：This paper presents a first-in–first-out (FIFO) rule consistent model for the continuous dynamic network loading problem. The model calculates the link travel time functions at a basic finite set of equally spaced times that are used to interpolate a monotone spline for all the other times. The model assumes a nonlinear link travel time function of the link volumes, but some corrections are made to satisfy the FIFO rule at the basic set. Furthermore, the use of monotone cubic splines preserving monotonicity guarantees that the FIFO rule is satisfied at all points. The model consists of five units: 1) a path origin flow wave definition unit; 2) a path wave propagation unit; 3) a congestion analysis unit; 4) a network flow propagation unit; and 5) an inference engine unit. The path flow intensity wave, which is the basic information, is modeled as a linear combination of basic waves. Next, the individual path waves are propagated throughout the paths by using a conservation equation that stretches or enlarges the wave lengths and increases or reduces the wave heights, depending on the degree of congestion at different links. Then, the individual path waves are combined together to generate the link and node waves. Finally, the inference engine unit combines all information items to make them compatible in times and locations using the aforementioned iterative method until convergence. The method is illustrated by some examples. The results seem to reproduce the observed trends closely. The required CPU times oscillated between seconds and a few minutes.
  • 36.

    【24hr】Inertial Navigation Aiding by Stationary Updates

    包量

    机译 惯性导航辅助固定更新
    摘要：Sensor-aided inertial navigation has successfully been used for decades for localization of a roving body. When the rover is known to be stationary, artificial “stationary” measurements (i.e., zero velocity and/or zero angular rate) may be imposed. This corrects the velocity, attitude, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) biases, which decreases the rate of drift of the position and attitude. Implementation requires reliable automated tests to detect periods when the vehicle is stationary. Due to cost concerns, methods that use sensors that are already on the vehicle are preferred. This paper reviews existing stationary detection methods and proposes a new frequency domain approach, using only IMU data, to detect stationarity, with specifications and analysis for land vehicles. The performance of this new approach is evaluated in both theory and practice. In addition, this paper presents analytic and numeric evaluations of the observability of the inertial navigation system (INS) error states with stationary updates. Improvements in localization performance in an INS with stationary detection and aiding is shown experimentally.
  • 37.

    【24hr】Adaptive Multicue Background Subtraction for Robust Vehicle Counting and Classification

    包量

    机译 自适应多线索背景减法用于鲁棒车辆计数和分类
    摘要：In this paper, we present a robust vision-based system for vehicle tracking and classification devised for traffic flow surveillance. The system performs in real time, achieving good results, even in challenging situations, such as with moving casted shadows on sunny days, headlight reflections on the road, rainy days, and traffic jams, using only a single standard camera. We propose a robust adaptive multicue segmentation strategy that detects foreground pixels corresponding to moving and stopped vehicles, even with noisy images due to compression. First, the approach adaptively thresholds a combination of luminance and chromaticity disparity maps between the learned background and the current frame. It then adds extra features derived from gradient differences to improve the segmentation of dark vehicles with casted shadows and removes headlight reflections on the road. The segmentation is further used by a two-step tracking approach, which combines the simplicity of a linear 2-D Kalman filter and the complexity of a 3-D volume estimation using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Experimental results show that our method can count and classify vehicles in real time with a high level of performance under different environmental situations comparable with those of inductive loop detectors.
  • 38.

    【24hr】Intelligent Management Functionality for Improving Transportation Efficiency by Means of the Car Pooling Concept

    包量

    机译 通过拼车概念提高运输效率的智能管理功能
    • 作者：Dimitrakopoulos G.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have long been attracting research interest, which is reflected in the design and development of powerful and complex network infrastructures, advanced applications/services, efficient power management, and extensions in the business model. A field of applications where ICTs find prosperous ground is transportation, in the sense of utilizing ITC findings in developing intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), i.e., systems for increasing transportation efficiency. This is motivated by the fact that transportation is associated with several drawbacks, e.g., with regard to continuously increasing traffic congestion in large cities worldwide. A transportation alternative to address congestion is the concept of car pooling, i.e., sharing a vehicle toward a common destination, based on a priori agreements. The goal of this paper is to present novel management functionality for dynamic ride matching, within a car-pooling context. The functionality uses previous knowledge in proposing valid car-pooling matches. Knowledge is obtained through the exploitation of Bayesian networking concepts, specifically the Naïve-based model. Simulation results showcase the effectiveness of the proposed functionality, the advantage of which lies in the fact that the reliability of the knowledge-based selection decisions is higher. This means that there is higher probability of satisfying the drivers'' and passengers'' preferences through the selected matches.
  • 39.

    【24hr】Control Strategies for Dispersing Incident-Based Traffic Jams in Two-Way Grid Networks

    包量

    机译 双向网格网络中基于事件的分散交通拥堵的控制策略
    • 作者：Long J.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：Effective control strategies are required to disperse incident-based traffic jams in urban networks when dispersal cannot be achieved simply by removing the obstruction. This paper develops a selection of such control strategies and demonstrates their effectiveness in dispersing incident-based traffic jams in two-way rectangular grid networks. Using the spatial topology of traffic jam propagation, we apply the concept of vehicle movement ban, which is frequently adopted in real urban networks as a temporary traffic management measure. Four control strategies were developed, which are referred to as single-line control, multiline control, area control, and diamond control. We also explore a combination of these control strategies and evaluate the impact of these control strategies on the changes in traffic jam size and congestion delay. Finally, we simulate the processes of traffic jam formation and dissipation using the cell transmission model and demonstrate the performance of the proposed strategies. Simulation results show that the proposed strategies can indeed disperse incident-based traffic jams efficiently.
  • 40.

    【24hr】FPGA-Based Track Circuit for Railways Using Transmission Encoding

    包量

    机译 使用传输编码的基于FPGA的铁路轨道电路
    • 作者：Hernandez Á.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：The current stage of railway transportation systems must deal with increased safety and reliability issues. A key point is improving occupancy track circuit performance and providing them with redundancy, higher noise immunity, and the capability to acquire additional information about the track section involved. This work proposes a novel track circuit based on the encoding of the electrical transmissions with Kasami codes. Track circuit emitters send signals coded with a known sequence that can be identified by the corresponding receivers using correlation techniques; these processes increase immunity to noise and changes in environmental conditions. An appropriate selection of orthogonal sequences for encoding, as well as different carrier frequencies for transmissions, allow simultaneous emissions and receptions without cross interference.
  • 41.

    【24hr】Real-Time Traffic Flow Forecasting Using Spectral Analysis

    包量

    机译 基于频谱分析的实时交通流量预测
    • 作者：Tchrakian T. T.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：An algorithm for the implementation of short-term prediction of traffic with real-time updating based on spectral analysis is described. The prediction is based on the characterization of the flow based on modal functions associated with a covariance matrix constructed from historical flow data. The number of these modal functions used for prediction depends on the local traffic characteristics. Although the method works well for the examples in this paper using the lower frequency modes, it can be adapted to include modes of higher frequency, as traffic conditions dictate. This paper describes the intended online implementation of the method that predicts within-day traffic flow using a forecasting horizon of 1 h 15 min with a 15-min step. Thus, every 15 min, the traffic flow for a further 1 h 15 min is predicted. As well as forecasting to this horizon, a second algorithm incorporating a weighted averaging technique is developed, which allows the prediction of one 15-min step ahead by using current and previous predictions of traffic flows at the given time instant while placing more weight on the more recent predictions. This technique combines the features of a time-series-based prediction with spectral analysis. The development of an algorithm for the real-time implementation is described, and results are presented for a number of different schemes.
  • 42.

    【24hr】Intelligent Traction Control Model for Speed Sensor Vehicles in Computer-Based Transit System

    包量

    机译 计算机辅助运输系统中速度传感器车辆的智能牵引力控制模型
    • 作者：Noori K.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：In this paper, a real-time intelligent traction control model for speed sensor vehicles in computer-based transit systems is proposed. Using the Bayesian decision theory, the model analyzes speed sensor data to learn and classify the train traction conditions (i.e., spin/slip, normal, and slide) that are required for studying vehicle motion patterns. The patterns are applied on the sensor input in real-time format to classify train traction and reduce the error/risk of classification that may cause service interruptions and incidents. The model can enable us to manage a number of state natures (i.e., spin/slip, normal, and slide), features (i.e., delta speed and train speed), and prior knowledge traction conditions. This model engine can be implemented in any programming language in onboard or embedded computers. As a result, the impact of noisy sensors (inaccurate data) and its delays in such a hard real-time control system is mitigated. This conceptual model is applied to a case study with promising results for target and simulation systems.
  • 43.

    【24hr】Processing of Eye/Head-Tracking Data in Large-Scale Naturalistic Driving Data Sets

    包量

    机译 大规模自然驾驶数据集中的眼睛/头部跟踪数据处理
    • 作者：Ahlstrom C.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：Driver distraction and driver inattention are frequently recognized as leading causes of crashes and incidents. Despite this fact, there are few methods available for the automatic detection of driver distraction. Eye tracking has come forward as the most promising detection technology, but the technique suffers from quality issues when used in the field over an extended period of time. Eye-tracking data acquired in the field clearly differs from what is acquired in a laboratory setting or a driving simulator, and algorithms that have been developed in these settings are often unable to operate on noisy field data. The aim of this paper is to develop algorithms for quality handling and signal enhancement of naturalistic eye- and head-tracking data within the setting of visual driver distraction. In particular, practical issues are highlighted. Developed algorithms are evaluated on large-scale field operational test data acquired in the Sweden–Michigan Field Operational Test (SeMiFOT) project, including data from 44 unique drivers and more than 10 000 trips from 13 eye-tracker-equipped vehicles. Results indicate that, by applying advanced data-processing methods, sensitivity and specificity of eyes-off-road glance detection can be increased by about 10%. In conclusion, postenhancement and quality handling is critical when analyzing large databases with naturalistic eye-tracking data. The presented algorithms provide the first holistic approach to accomplish this task.
  • 44.

    【24hr】Estimation of Lane Marker Parameters With High Correlation to Steering Signal

    包量

    机译 与转向信号高度相关的车道标志参数估计
    • 作者：Demcenko A.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：This paper considers the design and analysis of lane marker parameters in 2-D images. Five different parameters, which have high correlation to the steering angle of a vehicle, are proposed, and their correspondence to the steering signal is analyzed. The parameters are based on the position, angle, area, and curvature of the lane marker and have not been reported in the literature before, except the curvature. A new derivative-free method is proposed for curvature estimation. The stability of the proposed parameters is analyzed with respect to the look-ahead distance. Possible application of the parameters for overtaking detection is presented. This paper is performed using signals from real country road driving.
  • 45.

    【24hr】Validation of a New Functional Design of Automatic Protection Systems at Level Crossings with Model-Checking Techniques

    包量

    机译 通过模型检查技术验证平交路口自动保护系统的新功能设计
    • 作者：Mekki A.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：Level crossings (LCs) are considered to be a safety black spot for railway transportation since LC accidents/incidents dominate the railway accident landscape in Europe, thus considerably damaging the reputation of railway transportation. LC accidents cause more than 300 fatalities every year throughout Europe, which represents up to 50% of all deaths for railways. That is why LC safety is a major concern for railway stakeholders in particular and transportation authorities in general. LCs with an important traffic moment $^{1}$ are generally equipped with automatic protection systems (APSs). Here, we focus on two main risky situations, which have caused several accidents at LCs. The first is the short opening duration between successive closure cycles relative to trains passing in opposite directions. The second is the long LC closure duration relative to slow trains. In this paper, we suggest a new APS architecture that prevents these kinds of scenarios and therefore increases the global safety of LCs. To validate the new architecture, a method based on well-formalized means has been developed, allowing us to obtain sound and trustworthy results. Our method uses a formal notation, i.e., timed automata (TA), for the specification phase and the model-checking formal technique for the verification process. All the steps are progressively discussed and illustrated.
  • 46.

    【24hr】Intersection Support System for Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles: Threat Assessment Based on a Receding Horizon Approach

    包量

    机译 机动两轮车辆的交叉口支持系统：基于后视视野方法的威胁评估
    • 作者：Biral F.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：This paper reports a novel intersection support (IS) system for motorcycles developed through the SAFERIDER project (www.saferider-eu.org). The IS function described is built on a receding horizon approach that is designed for a set of predefined intersection scenarios. In the receding horizon scheme, a nonlinear optimal control problem is repetitively solved in real time, yielding a reference motion plan. The initial value of the longitudinal jerk (control input) of each plan is used as a measure of the correction that the rider has to apply to conform to an optimal-safe maneuver. This technique has the advantage of yielding a homogenous measure of the threat independent of the scenario, and it is directly linked with the control variable that the rider should use to accordingly change the vehicle's longitudinal dynamics. Additionally, the receding horizon approach naturally accommodates road geometry and constraint attributes, motorcycle dynamics, rider input, and riding styles. Warning feedback is given to the rider by an appropriate combination of human–machine interface elements, such as the haptic throttle, the vibrating glove, and the visual display. This paper explains the IS concept, discusses the implementation aspects of the proposed receding horizon approach, and presents the results of pilot tests conducted on a top-of-the-range riding simulator.
  • 47.

    【24hr】An Interactive Web-Based Public Transport Enquiry System With Real-Time Optimal Route Computation

    包量

    机译 具有实时最佳路线计算的基于Web的交互式公共交通查询系统
    • 作者：Pun-Cheng L. S. C.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：A comprehensive and presentable public transport information system is deemed invaluable for local residents and tourists all over the world. This is particularly necessary in view of the complex city structure and transportation system in Hong Kong. There are more than ten public transportation modes available, all with different operation schedules, fare structures, and routing characteristics. To assist commuters in making better use of public transport, the system needs to be not only user friendly and informative but intelligent enough to provide optimal route choices in terms of users' travelling behavior or preference as well. The web-map public transport enquiry system, as described in this paper, gives a good example of providing bilingual (English and Chinese) information on all public transports run in Hong Kong in the form of interactive maps and texts, as well as real-time derivation of optimal travelling routes for users in terms of multiple criteria, i.e., preferred mode, least changes, shortest travelling time, or lowest fare.
  • 48.

    【24hr】Comparison of Broadcasting Schemes for Infrastructure to Vehicular Communications

    包量

    机译 基础设施广播到车载通信的广播方案比较
    • 作者：Sikdar B.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：A large set of potential applications being designed for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) depends on the broadcasting of information and control packets by roadside infrastructure points to vehicles in their vicinity. This paper considers the broadcast capacity of broadcast schemes and evaluates and compares the broadcast capacity of strategies based on time splitting, frequency splitting, and superposition coding. Frequency splitting is shown to always dominate time splitting, and the conditions under which superposition coding dominates the other two are derived. For these regimes, it is shown that the broadcast capacities associated with superposition coding are optimal. A proportionally fair algorithm for scheduling broadcast packets is then proposed, and its performance is compared against that of other schedulers.
  • 49.

    【24hr】Integrating Appearance and Edge Features for Sedan Vehicle Detection in the Blind-Spot Area

    包量

    机译 整合外观和边缘特征，实现盲区轿车检测
    • 作者：Lin B.-F.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：Changing lanes while having no information about the blind spot area can be dangerous. We propose a vision-based vehicle detection system for a lane changing assistance system to monitor the potential sedan vehicle in the blind-spot area. To serve our purpose, we select adequate features, which are directly obtained from vehicle images, to detect possible vehicles in the blind-spot area. This is challenging due to the significant change in the view angle of a vehicle along with its location throughout the blind-spot area. To cope with this problem, we propose a method to combine two kinds of part-based features that are related to the characteristics of the vehicle, and we build multiple models based on different viewpoints of a vehicle. The location information of each feature is incorporated to help construct the detector and estimate the reasonable position of the presence of the vehicle. The experiments show that our system is reliable in detecting various sedan vehicles in the blind-spot area.
  • 50.

    【24hr】Efficient Resource Allocation for Attentive Automotive Vision Systems

    包量

    机译 专注于汽车视觉系统的高效资源分配
    • 作者：Matzka S.;
    • 刊名：Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on
    • 2012年第2期
    摘要：We describe a novel architecture for automotive vision organized on five levels of abstraction, i.e., sensor, data, semantic, reasoning, and resource allocation levels, respectively. Although we implement and evaluate processes to detect and classify other participants within the immediate environment of a moving vehicle, our main emphasis is on the allocation of computational resource and attentive processing by the sensor suite. To that end, an efficient multiobjective resource allocation method is formalized and implemented. This includes a decision-making process dependent upon the environment, the current goal, the available sensors and computational resource, and the time available to make a decision. We evaluate our approach on road traffic test sequences acquired by a test vehicle provided by Audi. This vehicle includes lidar, video, radar, and sonar sensors, in addition to conventional global positioning system (GPS) navigation, but our evaluation is confined to lidar and video data alone.
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