対話における主導権と身体動作の同調傾向の関係

摘要

The present study analyzed the relationship between initiative-taking and synchrony of body movements of interactants in dialogues. Five pairs of participants were instructed to discuss for 20 minutes and propose ideas on a given topic. The intensity of each interactant's body movements was measured using a computer-based video analysis. We applied a moving cross-correlation analysis to the time-series of the body movements in order to examine the temporal relationship between the movements of the interactants. Ten independent raters evaluated the degree of initiative-taking of each participant after having watched each video clip. The results revealed that: (1) the body movements of interactants who are about to take initiative tend to precede those of their partner only for the pairs in which the initiative-taker changed several times; (2) the tendency was not observed for the pairs in which only one interactant took the initiative throughout the discussion.%対話による問題解決場面において，対話の参加者が臨機応変に対話における主導権を自らとったり，他者にとらせたりしながら対話を進めていくことは日常的にしばしば観察される．このような対話場面において，どの話者が主導権を持ち，それがどのように決定されるのかという問題は対話による問題解決のプロセスを知るする上で非常に重要であると考えられる．しかしながら，対話時にどちらが主導権を持っているのか，また持とうとしているのかは言語的表現によって明示的に表出されることはほとんどない．