バレーボールの競技レベルと経験による予測能力の違いと反応の偏り

摘要

スポーツ，特に球技では短い時間の中で対戦相手や味方のプレーに素早く対応するために，予測して動くことが必要となる場面がある．本研究ではバレーボール選手の予測の正確さと予測反応の偏りについてアタッカーの攻撃場面の映像を用いて実験を行い検討した．実験参加者（熟練者・経験者・初心者）に映像から攻撃の種類（スパイク・フェイント）と攻撃の方向（左・右）を予測させ，各実験参加者群の予測反応について信号検出理論に基づいて分析し，弁別能力（d）と判断の基準（c）を求めた．その結果，競技レベルが高いほど弁別能力が高くなるということ，どの実験参加者群も攻撃の種類と方向の予測に偏りがあること，さらに偏りには競技経験が影響することが示唆された．%In sports, particularly ball games, players are often required to anticipate and move accordingly in order to respond rapidly to plays of opponents and teammates. In this study, we examined accuracy of anticipatory performance and response bias in volleyball. In the experiment, the participants (expert, intermediate and novice) observed videotaped scenes of offensive attacks and were required to judge their types (spike or feint) and courses (left or right). We analyzed the player's anticipatory performance using signal detection theory to compute sensitivity (d') and criterion(c). The result showed that the expert group had higher sensitivities than the other groups and all the groups were biased in judging the attack type and course. The results also suggested that response bias were affected by player's experience (i.e., players vs novices).