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RingText: Dwell-free and hands-free Text Entry for Mobile Head-Mounted Displays using Head Motions

机译:RingText:使用头部动作的移动式头戴式显示器的免停留和免提文本输入

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In this paper, we present a case for text entry using a circular keyboard layout for mobile head-mounted displays (HMDs) that is dwell-free and does not require users to hold a dedicated input device for letter selection. To support the case, we have implemented RingText whose design is based on a circular layout with two concentric circles. The outer circle is subdivided into regions containing letters. Selection is made by using a virtual cursor controlled by the user's head movements-entering a letter region triggers a selection and moving back into the inner circle resets the selection. The design of RingText follows an iterative process, where we initially conduct one first study to investigate the optimal number of letters per region, inner circle size, and alphabet starting location. We then optimize its design by selecting the most suitable features from the first study: one letter per region, narrowing the trigger area to lower error rates, and creating candidate regions that incorporate two suggested words to appear next to the current letter region (close to the cursor) using a dynamic (rather than fixed) approach. Our second study compares text entry performance of RingText with four other hands-free techniques and the results show that RingText outperforms them. Finally, we run a third study lasting four consecutive days with 10 participants (5 novice users and 5 expert users) doing two daily sessions and the results show that RingText is quite efficient and yields a low error rate. At the end of the eighth session, the novice users can achieve a text entry speed of 11.30 WPM after 60 minutes of training while the expert (more experienced) users can reach an average text entry speed of 13.24 WPM after 90 minutes of training.
机译:在本文中,我们为移动头戴式显示器(HMD)提供了一种使用圆形键盘布局进行文本输入的案例,该显示器无需停留并且无需用户手持专用输入设备即可进行字母选择。为了支持这种情况,我们实现了RingText,其设计基于具有两个同心圆的圆形布局。外圆细分为包含字母的区域。通过使用由用户的头部移动控制的虚拟光标进行选择-输入字母区域会触发选择,然后移回内部圆圈会重置选择。 RingText的设计遵循一个迭代过程,在此过程中,我们首先进行了一项首次研究,以研究每个区域的最佳字母数,内部圆圈大小和字母起始位置。然后,我们通过从第一个研究中选择最合适的功能来优化其设计:每个区域一个字母,缩小触发区域以降低错误率,并创建包含两个建议单词的候选区域,使其出现在当前字母区域旁边(接近游标)使用动态(而非固定)方法。我们的第二项研究将RingText的文本输入性能与其他四种免提技术进行了比较,结果表明RingText的性能优于它们。最后,我们进行了连续四天的第三项研究,有10位参与者(5位新手用户和5位专家用户)每天进行两次会议,结果表明RingText非常有效并且出错率很低。在第八届会议结束时,新手用户在60分钟的训练后可以达到11.30 WPM的文本输入速度,而专家(经验丰富)的用户在90分钟的训练后可以达到13.24 WPM的平均文本输入速度。

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