Comprehensive modeling of diffused quantum-well vertical-cavitysurface-emitting lasers

摘要

A numerical model for investigating the thermal, electrical, andnoptical characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting: lasersn(VCSELs) with a diffused quantum-well (QW) structure is presented. Innthe model, the quasi-three-dimensional (quasi-3-D) distribution ofntemperature, voltage and optical fields as well as thenquasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2-D) diffusion and recombination of carriernconcentration inside the QW active layer are calculated in anself-consistent manner. In addition, the quasi-3-D distribution ofnimplanted ions before and after thermal annealing are computed. Thenvariation of electrical conductivity and absorption loss as well as theninfluence of impurity induced compositional disordering on the opticalngain and refractive index of the QW active layer are also taken intonconsideration. Using this model, the steady-state characteristics ofndiffused QW VCSELs are studied theoretically. It is shown thatnsignificant improvement of stable single-mode operation can be obtainednusing diffused QW structure