Engineering International Expansion: IBM and Remington Rand in European Computer Markets

摘要

US computer manufacturersȁ4;including IBM and Remington Randȁ4;expanded into Europe after World War II. The companies overcame resistances and adjusted to different market conditions; how they did this, and why IBM succeeded more than others, is examined here. This article argues that IBM adeptly managedȁ4;or engineeredȁ4;relationships with foreign governments and stakeholders through a European-wide manufacturing system and European research laboratories.