Floquet-modal-based analysis is presented to determine self and mutual impedances between array elements. The analysis inherently includes the effects on scattered fields. from the neighbouring elements of self and mutual impedances, and, hence, the technique is appropriate for estimating the performance of finite-array antennas with arbitrary amplitude and phase distributions. From analytical and computational aspects, the technique is simple to handle complex-element structures, such as multilayered patch-array antennas. The technique is applied to patch-array antennas and the numerical results compare well with the available measured data.
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