Plasma and hepatic cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace, tomato seed oil and defatted tomato seed in hamsters fed with high-fat diets

摘要

College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China,Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA;Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA;Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA;Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,Processed Foods Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA;Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China;Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA,College of Enology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;%The cholesterol-lowering effects of tomato pomace (TP), tomato seed oil (TSO) and defatted tomato seed (DTS) were determined in male Golden Syrian hamsters. Hamsters fed high-fat diets containing 10% TSO or 18% DTS were compared to a diet containing 10% corn oil and 10% microcrystalline cellulose (control 1), 42% TP were compared to 25% microcrystalline cellulose (control 2). TP, TSO and DTS reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) content. DTS also lowered plasma TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations. Fecal excretion of lipid, bile acid and cholesterol increased in the DTS group compared to control 1. DTS-fed hamsters had higher levels of hepatic CYP7A1, CYP51, ABCB11, and ABCG5 gene expression than control, suggesting both hepatic bile acid and cholesterol synthesis increased due to increased fecal excretion of bile acid and cholesterol. The results suggest that protein, dietary fibre or phenolic compounds in DTS may be responsible for plasma cholesterol decrease.