Continuous increases of surface ozone and associated premature mortality growth in China during 2015-2019

摘要

Ambient ozone (O-3) pollution has become a big issue in China. Recent studies have linked long- and short-term O-3 exposure to several public health risks. In this study, we (1) characterize the long-term and short-term O-3-attributed health metric in China from 2015 to 2019; (2) estimate the surface O-3 trends; and (3) quantify the long-term and short-term health impacts (i.e. all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality) in 350 urban Chinese cities. In these 5-years, the national annual average of daily maximum 8 h average (AVGDMA8) O-3 concentrations and warm-season (April-September) 4th highest daily maximum 8 h average (4DMA8) O-3 concentrations increased from 74.0 +/- 15.5 mu g/m(3) (mean +/- standard deviation) to 82.3 +/- 12.0 mu g/m(3) and 167 +/- 37.0 mu g/m(3) to 174 +/- 30.0 mu g/m(3) respectively. During this period, the DMA8 0 3 concentration increased by 1.9 +/- 3.3 mu g/m(3)/yr across China, with over 70% of the monitoring sites showing a positive upward trend and 19.4% with trends 5 mu g/m(3)/yr. The estimated long-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributable to AVGDMA8 O-3 exposure in 350 Chinese cities were 181,000 (95% CI: 91,500-352,000), 112,000 (95% CI: 38,100-214,000) and 33,800 (95% CI: 0-71,400) in 2019, showing increases of 52.5%, 52.9% and 54.6% respectively compared to 2015 levels. Similarly, short-term all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory premature mortalities attributed to ambient 4DMA8 O-3 exposure were 156,000 (95% CI: 85,300-227,000), 73,500 (95% CI: 27,500-119,000) and 28,600 (95% CI: 14,500-42,800) in 2019, increases of 19.6%, 19.8% and 21.2% respectively compared to 2015. The results of this study are important in ascertaining the effectiveness of recent emission control measures and to identify the areas that require urgent attention. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.