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Estimation of the potential relevance of differential settlements in earthquake-induced liquefaction damage assessment

机译:估计地震诱导液化损伤评估中差动沉降潜在相关性的潜在相关性

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The assessment of the vulnerability of buildings subjected to earthquake-induced liquefaction requires the definition of an integrated damage scale accounting both for ground motion damage and permanent ground movements. The latter can cause rigid-body settlements and tilt of the building, but also flexural demand on members due to the differential settlement of isolated shallow footings. The magnitude of those differential settlements should be estimated based on probabilistic approaches and appropriate modelling of the different sources of uncertainty associated to the phenomenon, especially in the case of liquefiable deposits. Nevertheless, most of the existing procedures to estimate differential settlements rely only on soil characteristics, thus neglecting the influence of the building stiffness on the soil-structure interaction. Such an assumption may result in code-conforming rigid reinforced concrete (RC) frames showing unrealistically high vulnerability. In the present work, representative values of the members' initial flexural demand due to differential settlement are proposed based on simplified modelling of the soil and structure variability and on a preliminary assumption of seismic forces' distribution. A simple procedure is developed that relies on the structure-to-soil stiffness ratio and the equivalent soil heterogeneity under shallow footings. The methodology is calibrated using parametric linear analyses for a set of planar RC frames, and the estimated member demand due to differential settlements is related to the expected demand due to the seismic action considering different intensifies. Results show that, in most cases, the relevance of the potential increment of the initial member flexural demand due to differential settlements may not be very severe when compared to the seismic demand. As such, more simplified approaches could be considered for damage assessment of the combined effects, namely those where differential settlements are accounted for separate to the seismic and rigid-body demand.
机译:对受地震诱导的液化的建筑物脆弱性的评估需要定义综合损害规模核算,用于地面运动损坏和永久地面运动。后者可能导致建筑物的刚体沉降和倾斜,而且由于孤立的浅层划分的差动沉降,构件的弯曲需求。应基于概率方法估计这些差分定居点的大小,以及与现象相关的不同不确定源的适当建模,特别是在液化沉积物的情况下。然而,大多数现有程序来估计差动沉降依赖于土壤特征,从而忽略了建筑刚度对土壤结构相互作用的影响。这种假设可能导致代码符合刚性钢筋混凝土(RC)帧,其显示不切实际的高脆弱性。在本作的工作中,基于土壤和结构变异性的简化建模和抗震力分布的初步假设,提出了由于差动结算引起的成员初始弯曲需求的代表性值。开发了一种简单的程序,其依赖于结构 - 土刚度比和浅层基础下的等效土壤异质性。使用参数线性分析来校准方法,用于一组平面RC帧,并且由于考虑不同强化的地震行动,差异定居点引起的估计成员需求与预期的需求有关。结果表明,在大多数情况下,与差动定居点引起的初始成员弯曲需求的潜在增量的相关性可能在与地震需求相比时可能不是很严重。因此,可以考虑更简单的方法来损害对组合效应的损害评估,即差异沉降因地震和刚体需求而算像差异结算的方法。

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