A unified state space model for aggregation and coordination of large-scale TCLs and EVs for frequency regulation

摘要

This paper presents a unified state space model for aggregation and coordination of large-scale thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) and electric vehicles (EVs) to jointly participate in the frequency regulation of power systems. The proposed approach is characterized by low communication requirements and an accurate regulation capacity estimation. In order to perform the coordination with minimum communication burden, two distinct control signals, namely TCL-control signal and EV-control signal are developed. The former is communicated to all individual TCLs while the latter is communicated to all individual EVs. The simulations are conducted for a community-level microgrid including a large population of TCLs and EVs, a conventional generator and a wind generation system. It is shown that the proposed control structure can accurately describe the aggregated behaviour of a large population of TCLs and EVs and can efficiently counteract the frequency deviations. Moreover, the proposed control structure reduces the excessive dependence on one type of resource, minimizes the short cycling of TCLs, guarantees the energy requirements of the EVs and respects the energy constraints of the EV batteries.