Waterpipe smoking changes cardiovascular hemodynamics in adolescents: The Irbid-TRY

摘要

Introduction: Tobacco consumption contributes substantially to cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD), including hypertension. However, the effect of waterpipe (WP) smoking on CV hemodynamics in adolescents is unknown. Thus, the current study investigated the relationship of WP smoking with CV indices. Methods: Indices including heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP) and rate pressure product (RPP) were obtained from 7th–10th grade male students. Results: After controlling for confounding factors, SBP, DBP, MAP, and RPP were significantly lower (p?