Structural Variation, Functional Differentiation, and Activity Correlation of the Cytochrome P450 Gene Superfamily Revealed in Ginseng

摘要

Ginseng (Panax ginsengC.A. Mey.) is one of the most important medicinal herbs for human health and medicine, for which ginsenosides are the major bioactive components. The cytochrome P450 genes,CYP, form a large gene superfamily; however, only threeCYPgenes have been identified from ginseng and shown to be involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, indicating the importance of theCYPgene superfamily in the process. Here we report genome-wide identification and systems analysis of theCYPgenes in ginseng, defined asPgCYPgenes. We identified 414PgCYPgenes, including the three publishedPgCYPgenes. ThesePgCYPgenes formed a superfamily consisting of 41 gene families, with a substantial diversity in phylogeny and dramatic variation in spatiotemporal expression. Gene ontology (GO) analysis categorized thePgCYPgene superfamily into 12 functional subcategories distributing among all three primary functional categories, suggesting its functional differentiation. Nevertheless, the majority of its gene members expressed correlatively and tended to form a coexpression network and some of them were commonly regulated in expression across tissues and developmental stages. These results have led to genome-wide identification ofPgCYPgenes useful for genome-wide identification of thePgCYPgenes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis in ginseng and provided the first insight into how a gene superfamily functionally differentiates and acts correlatively in plants.