Exclusive Breastfeeding, Complementary Food and Characteristics of the Nutritional Status of Premature Infants in Indonesia in 2018

摘要

Background and Objective: Premature birth is a public health problem that has a high impact on morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the nutritional status for children's survival through adequate breastfeeding and complementary food as well as reducing the impact of risk factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of exclusive breastfeeding and complementary food and the characteristics of the nutritional status of premature infants in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Data sources were obtained from secondary data from the National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) conducted by the Health Research and Development National Institute, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2018. The research design was a national level survey using cross-sectional and nonintervention methods. Respondents were selected households with children under the age of 2 years who were premature in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate tests. Results: Premature births are found mostly in rural areas (31.44%), whereas infants of normal birth age are found in urban areas (74.42%). Male infants (28.51%) are more likely to be premature than female infants (28.13%). Individuals with occupations as a farmer have 35.31% more premature births than non farmers. Of note, 0.20% of infants with physical disabilities are premature infants. Premature infants who receive exclusive breastfeeding show lower (18.4%) severe undernutrition and undernutrition than those who do not receive exclusive breastfeeding (19.6%). Severe undernutrition and undernutrition nutritional status are found in the following groups: rural premature infants, 19.9%; male infants, 22.3%; low birth weight (2500 g), 37.0%; short birth length (48 cm), 25.2% and low education level of parents, 21.1%. Severe undernutrition and undernutrition are found at a higher rate (0.92 times) in premature infants who do not receive exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion: Premature birth is related to residence, education level, occupation, birth gestational age, age of mother, birth weight, birth length, head circumference and nutritional status. Disabilities, severe undernutrition and undernutrition were present more often in premature infants than infants born with a normal gestational age.