Commentary 11 to the Manifesto for the marine social sciences: culture and religion

摘要

Acrosstheworld,maritimeandsea-orientedsocietiesshowanoutstanding diversity of practices, cultural expressions, andspiritual values related to the sea. Besides the multiplicity ofreligious and cultural traditions linked to sea-based ways oflife (McGoodwin 2001), diversity is also found in how thehuman-marine relationship takes multiple forms.Considering different marine cultures—including science cul-tures(Knorr-Cetina1999)—thisalsoinvolvesbasicnotionsofwhattheseaisandhowitisknownandvalued.Exploringandunderstandingsuchdiversityisoneoftheempiricalpillarsofamarine social science agenda, as it revolves around the funda-mental question of how humans relate to the sea.