Monitoring of Carbamate Insecticide Residues in Cucumbers Produced from Conventional and Greenhouse Farming Systems

摘要

The study was designed to investigate carbamate insecticide residues in cucumbers andsoil from two diff erent farming systems located in Phitsanulok, Thailand.Ten carbamateinsecticides were analyzed using the quick easy cheap eff ective rugged and safe (QuEChERS)multi-residue extraction, followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupledwith quadrupole time-of-fl ight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). The results showedthe level of insecticide residues detected in cucumbers and soil from greenhouse farming,were at a lower level than those of conventional farming. Conventionally-farmed cucumberscontain methiocarb, methomyl, aldicarb sulfoxide, carbofuran and carbofuran-3-hydroxyranging from 0.437 to 1.721 mg/kg, which exceeds Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs),whereas greenhouse-farmed cucumbers contain less insecticide residue which ranges from0.132 to 0.439 mg/kg. The diff erence in the distribution patterns of insecticides in cucumbersand soil was detected from the study samples collected at a conventional farm. The levelof methiocarb contained in cucumbers and the level of methomyl contained in soil fromconventional farming were signifi cantly higher than that of insecticide levels in greenhousefarming by approximately 13-fold (p ? 0.05) and 3-fold (p ? 0.05), receptively. Our resultssuggested that residue of CIs contained in cucumbers and soil is aff ected by the two diff erentfarming systems. The reduction of insecticide use needs to be enhanced within agriculture,and the routine monitoring of them is necessary to increase public awareness of food safetyand the reduction of health risks associated with contaminated foods and the environment.