Perspectives Culture of the Lophanthus anisatus Benth. and Peculiarities of Its Ontogenesis in the Conditions of the Lowland Zone of Transcarpathian

摘要

The lowland zone of Transcarpathia has a number of advantages and potential opportunities (natural and climatic conditions, economic and organizational prospects) for growing Lophanthus anisatus Benth. However, this culture is not widespread in Ukraine. The following issues remain unresolved during its cultivation - enrichment of species and varietal composition, study of morphological and biological features of plant development and adaptive potential of the species and obtaining high yields of good quality, regardless of the extreme climatic conditions observed recently. The article highlights the results of scientific research on the ontogenesis of Lophanthus anisatus Benth., reveals its economic significance and the possibility of expanding the scope and creation of a market for plant raw materials (spicy greens, medicinal raw materials) in this region. Based on the scientific literature and the results of their own research, the authors proposed a more detailed classification of the species of the genus Agastache L., which includes the species Lophanthus anisatus Benth. A deep study of the collected samples of home selection of the species helped to identify the features of the life cycle in the lowlands of the Transcarpathian region. The article presents the results of the study of the influence of the hydrothermal regime on the formation of anise hyssop and ecological plasticity of the samples of the source material. We have identified the main stages and periods of plant development and conditions that affect the formation of vegetative and generative organs of plants, which helped to identify the most adaptive samples for further selection of this valuable aromatic plant. We have created a competitive variety Pochatok with high: adaptive properties, quality of raw materials and a significant amount of essential oil for specific agro-climatic conditions. The issues covered in the article are important, valuable and relevant not only for this region in particular, but also for Ukraine as a whole. The results of the scientific research with anise hyssop show that the agro-climatic conditions of the lowland zone of Transcarpathia are favorable, and the cultivation of this non-traditional aromatic plant is economically profitable. In these conditions it passes through all the stages of its development and forms a huge green mass, the yield of which makes up 14,5 t/ha (output of the dry matter- 4,4 t/ha, essential oil - 1.27% of the a. d. m. (absolutely dry mass). The level of profitability from growing and use of Lophanthus anisatus Benth. makes up - 61,7%, the economic effect (additional profit) is 15732 UAH.