Study of various model Organisms and their applications in stem cell biology

摘要

Stem cells are specialized cells found in all multi-cellular organisms that have the ability to divide and differentiate into diverse specialized cells and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. Stem cells are the part of the human repair system. The model system approach is powerful tool to study animal development or any other biological process. Model organisms include Escherichia coli bacteria budding and fission yeast, nematodes, maize, Arabidopsis thaliana, fruit flies, and mice. The current review summarizes the different models, types of mechanisms and approaches to study functioning of stem cells and their biological application in stem cell therapy, organ regeneration and regenerative medicine.