Because of the world ever-growing pursuit of economic growth, natural resources have been overly exploited and squandered. Such actions have created a negative effect on the environment and led to resource depletion. These problems subsequently garnered the government attention for waste reuse, in which they began to promote sustainable circulation and reuse of resources to lower natural resource consumptions. Accordingly, the concept of the "3 R's," namely, reduce, recycle, and reuse was introduced. However, the said concept merely adopts a unidirectional, cradle-to-grave-based treatment and fails to consider the effects of waste on the economy and society. Taiwan produces approximately 20 million tonne s of waste annually, roughly 40% of which are slags. The illegal dumping and burying of slags have negatively influenced Taiwan's environment, economy, and society. Thus, the present study revolutionized the 3R concept by introducing the cradle to cradle concept. Producers are recommended to consider product features and slag usage options during the steelmaking process. Transparent productions, effective management, scientific treatments, and systematic inspections are employed to bring slags into industrial circulations, facilitating the recycling and reuse of resources.
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