Antimicrobial resistance rates in major human pathogens including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae have been rapidly increasing in South Korea, and antibiotic overuse and misuse had contributed to it. To cope with increasing antimicrobial resistance, multidisciplinary efforts have been made. In South Korea, pharmaceutical policy reform was implemented for separation of prescription and dispensation of drugs in outpatient care in July 2000. After then, antibiotic usage in the community decreased, and further reduction of antibiotic overuse and misuse has been promoted through quality assessment of antibiotic usage for individual hospital by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service.
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